快速压缩机的开发及小碳氢燃料着火延迟特性的分析

Development of Rapid Compression Machine and Analysis of Ignition Delay Characteristics of Small Hydrocarbon Fuel

摘要: 设计并搭建了能够用于测量着火延迟时间的快速压缩机实验系统。详细的介绍了快速压缩机各个子系统主要构成和主要功能。对快速压缩机的气密性和压缩性能进行了测试，本文搭建的快速压缩机在压缩终点时，燃烧室的气密性基本合格；压缩性能满足准确测量着火延迟时间的前提和要求。最后，利用所搭建的快速压缩机测量了四种不同小碳氢燃料在相同工况下的着火特性，实验结果表明：在压力为28.5 ± 0.5 bar、温度为828 K时，4种小碳氢燃料的着火延迟时间依次为：不着火(甲烷)、150 ms (乙烷)、29 ms (乙烯)、16 ms (丙烯)。可以得出四种燃料的着火难度为甲烷最难着火、乙烷次之、乙烯较为容易着火、丙烯最容易着火。

Abstract: A rapid compression machine that can be used to measure the ignition delay time was designed and built. The main components and main functions of each subsystem of fast compressor are in-troduced in detail. The airtightness and compression performance of fast compressors were tested. At the end of compression, the fast compressor constructed in this paper basically meets the air tightness of the combustion chamber; the compression performance basically meets the premise and requirements for accurately measuring the ignition delay time. Finally, this fast compressor was used to measure the ignition characteristics of four different small hydrocarbon fuels under the same operating conditions. The results show that: When the pressure is 28.5 ± 0.5 bar and the temperature is 828 K, the ignition delay times of the four kinds of small hydrocarbon fuels are: no ignition (methane), 150 ms (ethane), 29 ms (ethylene), 16 ms (propylene). Therefore, the difficulty of ignition of the four fuels is that methane is the most difficult to catch fire, followed by ethane, ethylene is more likely to catch fire, and propylene is the most likely to catch fire.