进化相关威胁刺激的注意偏向及记忆优势

Attentional Bias and Memory Dominance in Evolutionarily Related Threat Stimuli

摘要: 目的：本文旨在探究个体对于进化相关威胁刺激的注意偏向及其成分机制，以及个体是否存在对进化相关威胁刺激的记忆优势，进而讨论认知负荷是否会提高或降低个体的注意偏向。方法：研究点探测任务以及认知负荷两种条件下对于进化相关威胁刺激的注意偏向。结果：(1) 进化相关威胁刺激在一致条件下的反应时显著低于不一致条件；不一致条件下强和弱进化相关威胁刺激的反应时显著高于中性条件，一致条件下的反应时显著低于中性条件；(2) 被试对于弱进化相关威胁刺激的再认正确率显著高于强进化相关威胁刺激和中性刺激；(3) 认知负荷和无认知负荷条件下被试的反应时差异不显著，强和弱进化相关威胁刺激的注意反应时也不存在差异。结论：(1) 被试对强和弱进化相关威胁刺激具有明显的注意偏向，该注意偏向主要表现为注意解除困难；(2) 被试对弱进化相关威胁刺激存在高于强进化相关威胁刺激的记忆优势；(3) 认知负荷没有提高或降低个体的注意偏向，并且强和弱进化相关威胁刺激的注意偏向无显著差异。

Abstract: Aim: The purpose of this paper is to explore the individual evolutionary threat to stimulate the attention of the bias and its composition mechanism, as well as the individual existence of evolutionary related threat to stimulate memory advantage, and discuss whether the cognitive load will increase or reduce a person’s attention. Methods: There are Research points under the mission for evolutionary threat boost attention bias and cognitive load conditions for evolutionary threat boost attention bias. Results: (1) The evolutionary threat stimulus in consistent under the condition of reaction was significantly lower than inconsistent conditions. The response time of the strong and weak evolutionarily related threat stimuli under the inconsistent condition was significantly higher than that under the neutral condition, and the response time under the consistent condition was significantly lower than that under the neutral condition. (2) The subjects’ recognition accuracy of weakly evolutionary-related threat stimuli was significantly higher than that of strongly evolutionary-related threat stimuli and neutral stimuli. (3) There was no significant difference in response time between subjects under cognitive load and without cognitive load, nor was there any difference in attention response time between strong and weak evolutionary-related threat stimuli. Conclusions: (1) The subjects have an obvious attention bias to the strong and weak evolutionarily related threat stimuli, which is mainly manifested as the difficulty of attention relief. (2) The subjects had a memory advantage over the strong evolutionary-related threat stimuli for the weak evolutionary-related threat stimuli. (3) Cognitive load did not increase or decrease the attention bias of individuals, and there was no significant difference between the attention bias of strong and weak evolutionarily related threat stimuli.