保护规范理论在我国司法适用的实践探析

On the Application of the Theory of Norms of Protection in China’s Judicial Practice

摘要: 司法实践孕育着法律规范发展与完善的空间，行政原告资格中关于“利害关系”的司法判断，早在本世纪初就有法官尝试在裁判中运用德日的“保护规范理论”以诠释利害关系，虽然鲜少直接出现“主观公权利”及“保护规范理论”等字样，但不少法院在裁判时已暗含着保护规范理论的判断框架或相关思维逻辑。而保护规范理论在我国的正式引入，当推最高院裁判的“刘广明案”。因刘案的积极示范，各法院普遍性地认可并接受了这一域外学理，将其作为判定原告适格的有益工具，保护规范理论也逐渐脱离具体的个案，逐渐演变为一般性的司法方法论在我国行政原告适格案件中得以适用。

Abstract: The judicial practice is pregnant with the space for the development and perfection of legal norms. The judicial judgment about “interest” in the qualification of administrative plaintiff, as early as the beginning of this century, some judges tried to use German and Japanese “norms of protection theory” in their judgments to explain the relationship of interests, although the words “subjective public rights” and “norms of protection theory” rarely appeared directly. However, many courts have implied the judgment frame or related thinking logic of the theory of norms of protection. The formal introduction of the theory of norms of protection in China is the Supreme Court’s decision “Liu Guangming Case”. Because of the positive demonstration of the Liu case, the courts generally approved and accepted this extra-territorial theory as a useful tool for judging the eligibility of the plaintiff, and the theory of norms of protection gradually separated from specific cases, gradually evolved into a general judicial methodology in China’s administrative plaintiff qualified cases can be applied.