药用植物款冬组培快繁技术研究

Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation Technology of Medicinal Plant Tussilago farfara

摘要: 为款冬(Tussilago farfara)产业化、规模化、标准化种植提供技术支撑，以款冬带腋芽的幼嫩茎段为外植体，采用3种基质(MS、White和B5)、不同激素和浓度对款冬愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化、不定芽增殖、生根、生长影响的研究，结果显示：MS + 2，4-D 1.0 mg∙L⁻¹ + 6-BA 3.0 mg∙L⁻¹是款冬腋芽的幼嫩茎段愈伤组织最适宜的诱导基质，诱导率90.00%，不定芽分化最好的基质是：MS + NAA 2.0 mg∙L⁻¹ + 6-BA 3.0 mg∙L⁻¹，分化率达到96.67%，对不定芽生长长和增殖效果最好的基质种类是White，其基质、激素和激素浓度的理想组合为White + 0.2 mg∙L⁻¹ IBA + 2.0 mg∙L⁻¹ 6-BA, White + 0.1 mg∙L⁻¹ IBA + 2.0 mg∙L⁻¹ 6-BA；芽长达到4.86 cm，芽的增殖倍数是6.50。1/2MS + IBA 0.1 mg∙L⁻¹ + NAA 1.0 mg∙L⁻¹组合是最适宜的生根基质，生根率为100.00%，平均生根数5.50条∙株⁻¹，根系平均长3.60 cm，根系生长旺盛，珍珠岩:蛭石:腐殖土 = 2:2:1是瓶苗移栽最好的基质配比，成活率达到96.00%以上。款冬腋芽的幼嫩茎段愈伤组织生根快速繁殖技术能够满足工厂化、规模化生产的需求。

Abstract: To provide technical support for the industrialization, scale and standardization planting of Tussilago farfara, the young stem segments with axillary buds were used as explants, the effects of three substrates (MS, White and B5) , different hormones and concentrations on callus induction, adventitious bud differentiation, adventitious bud proliferation, rooting and growth of Tussilago farfara were studied, MS + 2, 4-D 1.0 mg∙L⁻¹ + 6-BA 3.0 mg∙L⁻¹ was the most suitable medium for Callus induction from the young shoot segment of Tussilago farfara. The induction rate was 90.0%. The best medium for adventitious bud differentiation was MS + NAA 2.0 mg∙L⁻¹ + 6-BA 3.0 mg∙L⁻¹, the differentiation rate reached 96.67%. White was the best medium for the growth and proliferation of adventitious buds. The ideal combination of White + 0.2 mg∙L⁻¹ IBA + 2.0 mg∙L⁻¹ 6-BA, White + 0.1 mg∙L⁻¹ IBA + 2.0 mg∙L⁻¹ 6-BA combination reached 4.86 cm in length, the multiplication multiple of bud was 6.5, 1/2MS + IBA 0.1 mg∙L⁻¹ + NAA 1.0 mg∙L⁻¹ combination was the most suitable upgrading medium, the rooting rate was 100.0%, the average rooting number is 5.5, the average root length is 3.60 cm, the root system is vigorous, the perlite:vermiculite:Humus = 2:2:1 is the best bottle matrix proportion of seedling transplanting, the transplanting survival rate is high, the survival rate is 98.8%. The rapid propagation of Calli from axillary buds of Coltsfoot can meet the needs of industrial and large-scale production.