独山县烤烟种植的气象条件分析及其气象灾害防御措施

Analysis of Meteorological Conditions for Flue-Cured Tobacco Planting in Dushan County and Its Preventive Measures against Meteorological Disasters

摘要: 烤烟是独山县主要经济作物之一，烤烟生产与气候条件关系密切。本文选取独山县1989~2019年气温、降水量、日照时数等观测数据及烤烟物候期资料，分析独山县烤烟种植期热量、降水、光照等气象条件，得出：独山县气候条件十分适宜烤烟生长发育，特别是进入21世纪后，独山县呈现出气温升高、降水增多但日照时数减少等趋势，使得独山县热量、水分条件可完全满足烤烟生长发育需求，光照减少对烤烟生长影响不大；但同时气候变化导致干旱、冰雹、暴雨等极端天气气候事件频发，应健全气象监测预警与信息发布平台，积极开展精细化气象服务，积极应对干旱、冰雹、暴雨等灾害性天气，科学开展大田管理，做好气象灾害事前、事中及事后服务，推动烤烟产业可持续性发展。

Abstract: Flue-cured tobacco is one of the main cash crops in Dushan County, and its production is closely related to climatic conditions. This article selects Dushan county in 1998-2019 observation data such as temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours and phenological phase of flue-cured tobacco data, analysis of Dushan flue-cured tobacco planting season weather conditions such as heat, precipitation, illumination, it is concluded that: Dushan climate is very suitable for flue-cured tobacco growth and development, especially after entering the 21st century, Dushan presents the temperature increasing, precipitation increasing and sunshine time reducing the trend, such as making Dushan heat and moisture conditions can completely meet the demand of the flue-cured tobacco growth, light to reduce impact on flue-cured tobacco growth; but at the same time, climate change, drought, hail, heavy rain, such as frequent extreme weather events, should improve the meteorological monitoring and early warning and information release platform, actively carry out fine meteorological services, actively response to the drought, hail, heavy rains and severe weather, scientific field management, completes the meteorological disasters in advance, matter and afterwards service, promote the flue-cured tobacco industry sustainable development.