吸引源影响下行人疏散动力学建模及特性分析

Dynamic Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of Pedestrian Evacuation under the Influence of Attraction Source

摘要: 为了研究通道中存在吸引源时行人的疏散动力学行为，本文通过不同位置的行人收益不同来描述吸引源核心区域与正常区域的行人移动特征，建立了一个基于移动收益矩阵的元胞自动机模型。数值模拟分析了吸引源的位置分布、影响范围大小等因素对通道中的行人前进方式的影响。同时利用时空演化斑图对行人疏散过程中的宏观行为特性进行了讨论。结果表明：在一定程度上通道中存在吸引源时对行人的疏散有一定的影响。行人密度较小时，吸引源对疏散效率的影响较小，随着行人密度的增加，吸引源影响范围越大，行人疏散时间越长；且吸引源位于通道入口处及通道中心靠近墙壁位置时，疏散时间最长。本文研究结果对发生吸引事件的行人密集场所疏散策略的制定可提供理论指导。

Abstract: A cellular automaton model based on mobile income matrix is proposed to simulate the dynamic behavior of pedestrian evacuation in a channel by considering the attraction source effect, in which the concept of core area and edge area of attraction source are introduced to quantitatively reflect the different incomes of the pedestrians in different locations. Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze how the location distribution and the size of the attraction source influence the crowd movement characteristics in a narrow channel. The macroscopic behavior of pedestrian evacuation is discussed by using space-time evolution pattern. The results show that the occurrence of attraction sources will influence the evacuation of pedestrian to a certain extent. At the low density, the attraction source has little impact on the evacuation efficiency. With the increase of the pedestrian density, the larger the influence range of the attraction source is, the longer the evacuation time will be. And the evacuation time is the longest when the attraction source is located at the entrance of the channel and near the wall in the center of the channel. The results can provide theoretical guidance for the evacuation strategies of crowded pedestrian when some at-tractive events appear.