高原山区县域农田生态系统碳足迹计算及影响因素分析——以陆良县为例

Calculation of Farmland Ecosystem Carbon Footprint and Analysis of Influencing Factors at County Level in Plateau Mountainous Area—Taking Luliang County as an Example

摘要: 为探索高原落后山区的低碳农业发展途径，本文选择典型高原山区县陆良县为研究对象，以2014~2018年统计数据为基础，对其农田生态系统碳排放、碳吸收和碳足迹进行估算，并进行了影响碳足迹的因素分析。结果表明：(1) 陆良县11个乡(镇、华侨管理区)的农田生态系统碳排放量和碳吸收量存在着明显差异，碳排放量最多的大莫古镇5年累计碳排放量53.39千t，最小的华侨管理区只有6.53千t。碳吸收最多的三岔河镇5年累计碳吸收量234.53千t，最小的华侨管理区只有18.58千t；(2) 碳足迹最多的大莫古镇五年累计为4611.19 hm²，最小的华侨管理区只有1006.23 hm²；(3) 碳足迹与化肥施用量、农药施用量、农膜使用量、农业机械总动力和有效灌溉面积呈正相关，与农作物总产量呈负相关；(4) 要减小其农田生态系统的碳足迹，陆良县需要采取调整农业产业结构、减少化肥等农用化学品的使用量、加大农业基础设施的投入和提高农作物产量与品质等措施。

Abstract: In order to explore the low-carbon agriculture development approach in plateau mountainous area, this paper taking a typical plateau mountain county—Luliang county as the research object, based on the statistical data of 2014-2018, the carbon emission, carbon absorption and carbon footprint of its farmland ecosystem are estimated, and the factors affecting the carbon footprint are analyzed. The results show that: (1) carbon emissions and carbon sink of farmland ecosystem in 11 townships (towns and overseas Chinese management region) had obvious differences in Luliang County; Damogu Town was the most carbon emission township with 53.39 thousand tons in the five-year cumulative carbon emissions; the smallest was Chinese management region with 6.53 thousand tons; and Sancha River Town was the most carbon sink town with 234.53 thousand tons in the five-year cumulative carbon sink, the smallest was overseas Chinese management region with 18.58 thousand tons; (2) Damogu Town was the most carbon footprint town with 4611.19 hm² in the five-year total, and the smallest was overseas Chinese management region with 1006.23 hm²; (3) there was a positive correlation between carbon sink and following factors, namely the application amount of chemical fertilizers, the amount of pesticides, the use of agricultural membranes, the agricultural mechanical power in total and effective irrigation area, and a negative correlation to the total crop yield; (4) to reduce the carbon footprint of its farmland ecosystem, for Luliang County, following measures need to be taken, adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure, reduction of the use of agricultural chemicals such as chemical fertilizers, increase of the input of agricultural infrastructure and improvement of the yield and quality of crops.