基于因子分析和聚类分析对电子商务发展水平的综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of E-Commerce Development Level Based on Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis

摘要: 为了了解我国各地区电子商务的发展情况，本文从企业环境、网络基础设施、经济水平、物流方面四个方面选取企业数、企业拥有的网站数、有电子商务交易的企业比重、域名数、网站数、网页数、GDP、城镇居民人均可支配收入、快递量、快递营业网点数10个指标数据，采用因子分析的方法根据综合得分排名情况，结合各地区的相关政策分析电子商务的发展水平，指出值得借鉴的政策，为发展较差的地方提供参考；再采用系统聚类分析的方法，在10个选取的指标基础上，将全国31个省地区进行分类，根据分类情况，结合综合得分的排名和区域环境，分析电子商务的发展水平相似或相近的地区，并指出存在的共性问题，以便好针对区域发展提供建议。可以看出电子商务的发展在地区上表现出不平衡，一大部分原因归结于政策和地理位置，东部地区是发展最好的，其次是西部地区，发展较差的是中部地区，且各地区的分类情况与地理环境及综合得分都有关。

Abstract: In order to understand the development situation in various regions of China’s e-commerce, this article, from the Enterprise Environment, network infrastructure, economic level, logistics four, selects 10 indicators: the number of enterprises, the number of websites owned by enterprises, the proportion of enterprises with e-commerce transactions, the number of domain names, the number of websites, the number of web pages, GDP, disposable income, express delivery volume, express delivery business network number. The method of factor analysis is used to analyze the development level of e-business based on the comprehensive score and the relevant policies of various regions. It also points out the policies that should be used for reference and provides reference for the poorer areas. Then, on the basis of 10 selected indexes, the system clustering analysis method is used to classify 31 provinces and regions of the country. According to the classification situation, combined with the ranking of comprehensive scores and regional environment, this paper analyzes the areas with similar or similar development level of electronic commerce, and points out the common problems in order to better target regional development and offer advice. It can be seen that the development of e-commerce is uneven in the region, a large part of the reasons are attributed to the policy and geographical position, the eastern region is a better development, the second is the western region, the development is poor in the central region, and the regional classification is related to the geographical environment and comprehensive scores.