“掩耳盗铃”——自我欺骗的影响因素及启示

Plug One’s Ears While Stealing a Bell—Influence Factors and Enlightenment of Self-Deception

摘要: 由于相关信息处理过程中发生的扭曲，人们往往会持有一种带有明确动机性的错误信念，并对其信以为真，即自我欺骗。自欺作为一种个性特征和相对独立的心理状态一定程度上既有利于个体，也有利于物种的生存，但若利用不当，也会产生不可估量的危害。本文通过阐述自我欺骗的概念内涵及其分类，梳理影响自我欺骗的自尊、自我控制、情绪和社会情境等因素的相关研究，提出了日常生活中应对自我欺骗的建议，以期能够促进自我欺骗对个人和社会的积极影响，规避其危害。

Abstract: Due to distortions in the processing of related information, people tend to hold a wrong belief with clear motivation and believe it to be true; that is, self-deception. Self-deception as a personality trait and relatively independent mental state is beneficial to both the individual and the survival of the species to a certain extent. But improper use can also cause incalculable harm. By expounding the concept and classification of self-deception, this paper sorts out the relevant researches on the factors affecting self-deception, such as self-esteem, self-control, emotion and social situation. In order to promote the positive influence of self-deception on individuals and society and avoid its harm, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with self-deception in daily life.