重庆市全面二孩政策后病残儿医学鉴定资料分析

Analysis of Medical Identification Data of Sick and Disabled Children after Comprehensive Two-Child Policy in Chongqing

摘要: 目的：通过对全面二孩政策后重庆市病残儿医学鉴定疾病种类构成情况的了解，做好再生育管理，以减少下一胎病残儿童的发生。方法：按照原国家计生委颁布的病残儿医学鉴定诊断标准对全面二孩政策后2016~2019年重庆市申请鉴定的病残儿进行医学鉴定，同时对再生育的病残儿父母进行优生优育指导，并分析符合病残儿医学鉴定诊断标准的疾病种类、顺位。结果：2016~2019年重庆市符合病残儿医学鉴定诊断标准的有361例，占93.52%。符合病残儿医学鉴定诊断标准的城市家庭有72例，农村家庭有289例，男孩218例，女孩143例。有57种疾病，前五位的依次为智力低下、脑瘫、先天性心脏病、21-三体综合征、继发性癫痫，占66.7%。前五位的非遗传疾病为智力低下、脑瘫、继发性癫痫、大脑发育不全、肢体功能障碍，前五位的遗传疾病为先天性心脏病、21-三体综合征、先天性聋哑、原发性癫痫、进行性肌营养不良。结论：病残儿医学鉴定涉及病种较多，应做好再生育的优生优育工作，减少病残儿童的发生率。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the composition of the types of diseases in the medical identification of sick and disabled children in Chongqing after a comprehensive two-child policy, and to conduct rebirth management to reduce the incidence of the next child with disabilities. Methods: According to the diagnostic criteria for medical identification of sick and disabled children promulgated by the former National Family Planning Commission, medically appraise the disabled children who applied for identification in Chongqing from 2016 to 2019 after the comprehensive two-child policy, and at the same time carry out eugenic and postnatal care for the parents of the disabled children guide and analyze the types and order of diseases that meet the criteria for medical identification and diagnosis of sick and disabled children. Results: From 2016 to 2019, there were 361 cases that met the criteria for medical identification of sick and disabled children in Chongqing, accounting for 93.52%. There were 72 cases of urban families that met the medical diagnostic criteria for disabled children, 289 cases in rural families, 218 boys and 143 girls. There are 57 kinds of diseases. The top five are mental retardation, cerebral palsy, congenital heart disease, 21-trisomy syndrome, and secondary epilepsy, accounting for 66.7%. The top five non-genetic diseases are mental retardation, cerebral palsy, secondary epilepsy, brain hypoplasia, and limb dysfunction. The top five genetic diseases are congenital heart disease, 21-trisomy syndrome, congenital deafness, primary epilepsy, progressive muscular dystrophy. Conclusion: The medical identification of sick and disabled children involves many types of diseases, and eugenics and reproductive work should be done to reduce the incidence of disabled children.