循环血MicroRNA与辐射剂量相关性研究进展

Advances in Studies on the Correlation between Circulating Blood MicroRNA and Radiation Dose

摘要: 随着军队核武器、核电站、核医学等技术的发展，涉核人员对于核辐射安全有着更高的标准及需求，然而对于涉核人员辐射剂量评估，目前所使用的传统方法存在一定局限性。MicroRNA (miRNA)是一类内源基因编码的长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子，它们在动植物中参与转录后基因表达调控。研究发现循环血miRNA具有很好的稳定性，并且参与多种生物过程，在核辐射早期照射后，循环血某些特定miRNA会发生特异性改变，且miRNA变化程度与辐射剂量存在相关性。大量研究报道miRNA与肿瘤发生、发展相关，而核辐射远期生物学效应包括使肿瘤发病率升高。可见miRNA是核辐射损伤早期评估及远期效应随访的潜在分子标准物，且应用实时定量PCR技术对循环血miRNA检查具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优势，如果miRNA成为成熟辐射生物剂量计，可以更快速、准确地对辐射暴露风险进行评估，并可以进一步评估辐射剂量，对急性放射病进行明确分型分度，可有效指导临床治疗。本文对与核辐射损伤相关的microRNA进行归纳总结。

Abstract: With the development of military nuclear weapons, nuclear power plants, nuclear medicine and other technologies, nuclear personnel have higher standards and requirements for nuclear radiation safety. MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes with a length of about 22 nucleotides, which are involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression in animals and plants. Studies have found that circulating blood microRNAs have good stability and participate in a variety of biological processes. Specific microRNAs in circulating blood will undergo specific changes after early radiation exposure, and there is a correlation between the change degree of microRNAs and radiation dose. A large number of studies have reported that microRNAs are associated with tumor genesis and development, while the long-term biological effects of nuclear radiation include increased tumor incidence. Therefore, miRNA is a potential molecular standard for early evaluation and long-term effect follow-up of nuclear radiation injury. Real time quantitative PCR has the advantages of rapid, accurate and high sensitivity in the detection of circulating blood miRNA. If miRNA becomes a mature radiation biodosimeter, it can evaluate the radiation exposure risk more quickly and accurately. It can further evaluate the radiation dose and classify the acute radiation sickness, and effectively guide the clinical treatment. This paper summarizes the microRNAs related to nuclear radiation damage.