英语形容词修饰语与同源宾语构式句法、语义的实证研究
An Empirical Study on English Adjectival Modifier with the Syntax and Semantics of Cognate Object Construction
摘要: 同源宾语构式是语言中一种特殊的现象，其句法、语义特点是历来研究的重点。同源宾语构式中的形容词修饰语是该构式中不可或缺的组成部分。本文以美国当代英语语料库为语料来源，以Stefanowitsch & Gries开发的构式搭配分析法为数据计算的工具，并以Goldberg的构式语法为理论基础采用实证的方式考察同源宾语构式的句法、语义特点。通过分析同源宾语构式中形容词的语义类型，发现该构式的整体义为施事发出的动作致使受事呈现出某种状态以及表示受事类型的含义，且前者成为该构式的核心义。句法方面，在隐喻机制的作用下，成为特殊的单宾语构式且该构式并不可作为非宾格和非作格动词的诊断句式。
Abstract: Cognate object construction is a special phenomenon in language and its syntactic and semantic characteristics have always been the focus of studies. Adjectival modifier is an indispensable component in cognate object construction. Based on the American Contemporary English Corpus, this paper uses the Collostructional Analysis developed by Stefanowitsch and Gries as the method of data calculation and Goldberg’s construction grammar as a theoretical basis to analyze the syntax and semantic characteristics of English cognate object construction in an empirical way. By analyzing the semantic types of adjectives in cognate object construction, this paper finds that this construction has two meanings. The first one is that the agent cause the patient to present a certain state and the second one indicates the meaning of the type of patient. Moreover, the first one is the core constructional meaning. As for the syntax, motivated by the metaphorical mechanism, it becomes a special monotransitive construction. Furthermore, it can’t be the syntactic diagnostics of unaccusative verbs and unergative verbs.
文章引用：刘佳. 英语形容词修饰语与同源宾语构式句法、语义的实证研究[J]. 现代语言学, 2020, 8(4): 548-556. https://doi.org/10.12677/ML.2020.84075

参考文献

[1] Quirk, R., et al. (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman Group Limited, New York.
[2] Langacker, R.W. (1991) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar Vol.Ⅱ: Descriptive Application. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
[3] Horita, Y. (1999) English Cognate Object Constructions and Their Transitivity. English Linguistics, 13, 221-247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] 张权. 英语动宾同源结构的语义、语用分析[J]. 外语研究, 2000(4): 36-39.
[5] 屈春芳. “同源宾语”构式与“谓语+状语”构式的语义差别[J]. 西南交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2008, 8(6): 47-51.
[6] 匡芳涛, 曹笃鑫. 同源宾语构式的构式压制与词汇压制阐释[J]. 山东外语教学, 2013, 34(3): 22-28.
[7] 赵凌珺, 卢植. 基于认知构式语法的构式项压制现象研究[J]. 外语学刊, 2013(3): 55-59.
[8] 汪祎, 罗思明. 英语同源宾语修饰语的语义类型与认知识解[J]. 外国语言文学, 2016, 33(4): 258-265.
[9] Jones, M.A. (1988) Cognate Objects and the Case-Filter. Linguistics, 24, 89-110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] 梁锦祥. 英语的同源宾语结构和及物化宾语结构[J]. 外语教学与研究, 1999(4): 23-29.
[11] Nakajima, H. (2006) Adverbial Cognate Objects. Linguistics Inquiry, 4, 674-684. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] Sailer, M. (2010) The Family of English Cognate Object Con-structions. In: Müller, S., Ed., Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, CSLI Publications, Stanford, 191-211.
[13] 刘爱英. 论英语同源宾语的句法地位与允准[J]. 外语教学与研究(外国语文双月刊), 2012, 44(2): 173-184.
[14] Kim, J. and Lim, J. (2012) English Cognate Object Constructions: A Usage-Based, Construction Grammar Approach. English Language and Linguistics, 3, 31-35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] 许明, 董成如. 同源宾语构式对动词论元结构的增容: 认知语法视角[J]. 外语教学, 2014, 35(4): 37-40.
[16] 陈佳. 基于语料库的“COME/GO+形容词”构式搭配关联强度与构式范畴化关系研究[J]. 解放军外国语学院学报, 2015, 38(3): 23-30.
[17] 胡晋阳, 张松松. 认知语法视角下的构式搭配分析——以让步构式Just Because X Doesn’t Mean Y为例[J]. 金陵科技学院学报(社会科学版), 2017(31): 67-71.
[18] 房印杰. 搭配构式分析——应用与发展[J]. 现代外语, 2018, 41(3): 425-435.
[19] Stefanowitsch, A. and Gries, S. (2003) Collostructions: Investigating the Interaction of Words and Constructions. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 2, 209-243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] 田臻. 汉语存在构式与动词关联度的实证研究[J]. 语言教学与研究, 2012(3): 58-65.
[21] Dixon, R.M.W. and Aikhenvald, A.Y. (2004) Adjective Classes a Cross-linguistic Typology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[22] 王寅. 构式压制、词汇压制和惯性压制[J]. 外语与外语教学, 2009(12): 5-9.
[23] Goldberg, A.E. (1995) Constructions a Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
[24] Perlmutter, D.M. (1978) Impersonal Passives and Unaccusative Hypothesis. Proceedings of the 4th annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Vol. 4, 157-190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[25] 杨素英. 从非宾格动词现象看语义与句法结构之间的关系[J]. 当代语言学, 1999(1): 30-43.