裸岩对南极帝企鹅栖息地遥感信息提取的影响
Influence of Bare Rock on Remote Sensing Information Extraction of Antarctic Emperor Penguin Colony
DOI: 10.12677/CCRL.2020.95048, PDF,   
作者: 张 淼, 陈心桐, 李香兰*：北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院，北京
关键词: 南极；帝企鹅；Landsat-8；栖息地；指数阈值；裸岩；Antarctica； Emperor Penguin； Landsat-8； Colony； Index Threshold； Bare Rock
摘要: 南极企鹅被誉为南极气候变化的“生物指示剂”，基于遥感手段监测企鹅数量及其栖息地变迁不仅能够反映南极气候变化状况，而且可以为企鹅保护提供科学依据。受卫星资料分辨率的影响，企鹅栖息地的遥感识别尚存在较大的不确定性，特别是裸岩与积雪混合像元因相似的光谱特征可能影响企鹅栖息地提取精度。本文采用2018年Landsat-8影像结合目视解译识别了南极帝企鹅(Aptenodytes forsteri)栖息地，并评估了裸岩与积雪混合像元对环南极帝企鹅栖息地识别精度的影响。结果显示，裸岩与积雪混合形成的混合像元与帝企鹅粪便谱曲线特征高度相似，二者在绿色波段有一个波谷、近红外波段存在一个波峰以及在可见光和近红外波段趋势相近。以裸岩分布较为密集的罗斯海区域为统计对象，裸岩与帝企鹅粪便的光谱相关系数高达0.96，同时波段差值较小。结合帝企鹅栖息地历史分布资料，环南极42个帝企鹅栖息地中存在6个受裸岩干扰严重区域。裸岩与冰雪混合像元与企鹅粪便光谱特征的相似性是影响帝企鹅栖息地遥感信息提取精度的重要因素。
Abstract: Antarctic penguins are known as “biological indicators” for climate change in the Antarctica. Monitoring the dynamics of the population of penguins and their colonies can reflect the climate change of the Antarctica and provide a scientific basis for penguin protection. Due to the influence of the resolution of satellite data, the remote sensing identification of penguin colony is still uncertain. In particular, the spectral characteristics of the mixed pixels of bare rocks and snow may affect the extraction accuracy of penguin colony. Choosing Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) as the research object, we used Landsat-8 image in 2018 combined with visual interpretation to analyze the feces area of the Emperor penguin. Results showed that the spectral curve of the mixed pixels of bare rock and snow was similar to that of the Emperor penguin feces. Two curves have a trough in the green band and a peak in the near-infrared band, and the trend is similar in the visible and near-infrared bands. This similarity is an important factor affecting the accuracy of the extraction of the Emperor penguin colony. A statistical analysis of six bare rock samples from the Ross Sea area showed that the spectral correlation coefficient between bare rock and Emperor penguin feces could reach 0.96 and the band difference is small. Combined with known emperor penguin colony, this study identified 42 colonies of Emperor penguin and 6 areas with severe interference from bare rock in the Antarctica. The similarity of spectral features between bare rock mixed with the snow is an important factor affecting the accuracy of remote sensing information extraction of Emperor penguins’ colony, which will provide important reference for improving the accuracy of remote sensing mapping of Antarctic penguins.
文章引用：张淼, 陈心桐, 李香兰. 裸岩对南极帝企鹅栖息地遥感信息提取的影响[J]. 气候变化研究快报, 2020, 9(5): 434-445. https://doi.org/10.12677/CCRL.2020.95048

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