30 t轴重重载货车车轮踏面磨耗规律研究

Evolutions of Wheel Wear for Heavy-Haul Freight Wagons with 30 t Axle-Load

摘要: 为研究重载货车车轮磨耗发展规律，本文以30t轴重重载货车为研究对象，选取8个车轮样本，开展了长期跟踪现场磨耗测试，基于实测数据研究了车轮踏面深度磨耗和车轮不圆顺的演变规律。测试结果表明，在18个月的运行时间里，车轮踏面最大磨耗深度可达1.8 mm，不同车轮表现出的磨耗速率不同，平均磨耗速率约为0.045 mm/月，车轮的磨耗发展并不迅速，而发生磨耗的区域主要分布在踏面宽度方向−30~20 mm的范围内。对于车轮不圆顺，径向偏差幅值最大值可到0.52 mm，以一阶不圆顺占据主导地位，二阶以上的不圆顺则占据很小的成分，表明车轮主要发生了因磨耗或变形产生的偏心问题，在列车运行过程中易激发起车辆的低频振动。从磨耗量来看，相较于车轮踏面深度磨耗，不圆顺的发展速率要更慢，反映了车辆在运行过程中保持了较好的运行状态，轮轨作用力主要改变了踏面轮廓，尚未引起擦伤、剥离等显著的局部磨耗或损伤。

Abstract: In order to the evolution law of wheel wear in the heavy-haul freight wagon, a long-term tracking field test of wheel wear is carried out. Taking the wagon with 30 t axle-load as research object, 8 wheel samples are selected in test. Based on the test results, the evolutions of wheel tread wear and wheel polygons are investigated. It is indicated that, during the running of 18 months, the maximum wheel wear can reach 1.8 mm. For different wheels, they present different wear rate. The statistic average wheel wear is about 0.04 mm per month, which means the wheel wear evolves with a relatively low speed. Generally, the main worn area covers the range of -30~20 mm in the wheel profile width relative to the normal rolling circle. As for the wheel polygon, the corresponding maximum radial deviation can reach 0.52 mm. The first order component takes the dominant place while the higher order polygons have very small amplitude, which means the eccentric problem induced by the wheel wear or deformation has occurred in the wheel. It’s a main factor exciting the low-frequency vibration in the vehicle system. For the aspect of wear loss, the evolution rate of wheel polygon is below that of wheel wear. The freight wagon can be kept in a good state, and the wheel-rail forces mainly change the wheel profile without the distinct wheel local wear or damage such as wheel flat, tread spalling and so on.