玉米茎秆汁液防治土壤风蚀的风洞试验研究

Wind Tunnel Experimental Study on Soil Wind Erosion Control with Corn Stalk Juice

摘要: 风蚀是我国干旱、半干旱地区土壤退化的主要影响因素。本实验采用室内风洞实验，研究了不同玉米茎秆汁液处理对土壤的风蚀控制效果。试验风速为20 m/s，吹蚀时间为5 min，吹角(坡度) 3˚、5˚、7˚和15˚，玉米茎秆汁液的施加量为25%、50%和75%。研究表明，土壤表层施加玉米茎秆汁液减少土壤的吹蚀量(风蚀量)和吹蚀度(风蚀速率)，且风蚀量与风蚀速率随着玉米茎秆汁液施加浓度的增加而降低。25%、50%和75%玉米茎秆汁液施加处理下，风蚀量分别为0.37、0.21、0.09 kg，风蚀速率分别为1.48、0.84、0.36 kg/(m2∙s)。相同浓度玉米茎秆汁液条件下，风蚀量和风蚀速率随坡度的增大而增大，当坡度为3˚、5˚、7˚和15˚时，风蚀量分别为0.10、0.17、0.27和0.47 kg，风蚀速率分别为0.39、0.70、1.09和1.90 kg/(m2∙s)。研究可为风力侵蚀的防治提供新方法。

Abstract: Soil wind erosion is one of the most serious land degradation problems in the arid and semi-arid regions. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to research the change process of soil wind erosion with the change of corn stalk juice controlling the soil wind erosion under the condition of the wind velocity of 20 s/m, the blown angle of 3˚, 5˚, 7˚ and 15˚, the corn stalk juice application of 25%, 50% and 75%. The study results indicated that all kinds of corn stalk juice application can reduce the wind erosion amount and wind erosion rate. Wind erosion amount and wind erosion rate decreased with corn stalk juice concentration increasing. When corn stalk juice application concentration increased from 25% to 50% and 75%, wind erosion amounts were 0.37, 0.21, 0.09 kg, respectively and wind erosion rates were 1.48, 0.84, 0.36 kg/(m2∙s), respectively. Wind erosion amount and wind erosion rate increased with slope gradient under the same corn stalk juice application. When slope gradients were 3˚, 5˚, 7˚, 15˚, respectively, wind erosion amounts were 0.10, 0.17, 0.27, 0.47 kg, respectively and wind erosion rates were 0.39, 0.70, 1.09, 1.90 kg/(m2∙s), respectively. This paper can provide a new idea for prevention and control of wind erosion.