童年创伤与积极应对方式关系的元分析

Relationship between Trauma and Positive Coping Styles: A Meta-Analysis

摘要: 目的：本研究主要探讨中国人童年创伤中重要的三个维度与积极应对方式之间的关系。方法：主要采用元分析通过文献筛选到21项研究共17,521个样本人数进行探讨。涉及到的主要问卷包含童年期创伤经历问卷(CTQ-SF)或者儿童心理虐待与忽视量表(CPANS)、简易应对方式。结果：中国人童年创伤的情感忽视、情感虐待和躯体虐待维度均与积极应对方式呈显著负相关；报告质量和样本类型在中国人童年创伤的情感忽视、情感虐待和躯体虐待维度上与积极应对方式关系中起调节作用。而样本类型中发现，随着年龄的增长，中国人童年创伤三个维度与积极应对方式的效应量逐渐减少，经历过童年创伤的青少年相较于成年人表现出更弱的积极应对。结论：也就是说，青少年时期，存在童年创伤的个体更不会采取积极应对方式；大学生阶段其次；而成人阶段，从年龄角度出发虽然有部分与大学生群体重合，但是成人群体更多地接触社会，在社会的磨砺之后，心理韧性变强，即使曾经经历了童年创伤，也会更多地采取积极应对方式对待生活，这与个体应对策略的多元化和成熟化有关。同时从人本主义的角度出发，这一结果印证了人是自由的个体，具有发展、成长、发挥其积极潜能的内在需求，具有自我实现的倾向；随着社会经历的增多，会以更积极乐观的态度看待生命，从环境中寻找到问题的解决方案。

Abstract: Objective: This meta-analysis was designed to explore the relationship between three dimensions of Chinese Trauma and positive coping styles. Method: A total of 17,521 samples were selected from 21 studies by means of meta-analysis and literature review. The main questionnaires involved included the Childhood Traumatic Experience Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) or the Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale (CPANS) and simple coping style. Result: It found a moderate negative between emotional neglect and positive coping styles, the same as emotional abuse and physical abuse to positive coping styles. The correlation between Chinese Trauma and positive coping styles was regulated by report quality and types of subjects. What’s more, the effect size between Chinese Trauma and positive coping styles is decreasing along with age increase in the types of subjects analysis, namely, adults show more positive coping style than adolescents. Conclusion: That is to say, the adolescences with childhood trauma will not take positive coping styles. And we can see that the adult groups show more positive coping style when they are baptized by society and their mental resilience becomes stronger. Even if they have experienced childhood trauma, they would take more positive coping ways to deal with trouble, which is related to the diversification and maturation of individual coping strategies. At the same time, from the perspective of humanism, this result confirms that humans are untrammeled individuals, who have internal desires for development, growth and exerting their positive potential, and have a tendency to self-actualization. They will have a more positive and optimistic attitude to life and find solutions to problems from the environment with the increasing of social experience.