民法典下实际施工人起诉发包人的诉权基础

The Basis of the Litigation Right of the Actual Builder to Sue the Developer under the Civil Code

摘要: 最高人民法院在司法解释中规定实际施工人可以以直接起诉和提起代位权之诉两种诉讼方式直接向发包人主张权利，实质上赋予了实际施工人以实体权利。理论上，实际施工人直接起诉的诉权基础应当理解为突破不当得利之债的相对性。民法典实施后，第25条不应再被适用，第24条则建议吸纳进民法典或另行作出解释。

Abstract: The Supreme People’s Court stipulated in the judicial interpretation that the actual builder can directly claim the rights to the developer through two litigation methods, namely direct lawsuit and subrogation right lawsuit, which essentially endowed the actual builder with substantive rights. Theoretically, the basis of the litigation right of the actual constructor to directly sue should be understood as the relativity of breaking through the debt of unjust enrichment. After the implementation of the Civil Code, Article 25 should no longer be applied, while Article 24 is recommended to be incorporated into the Civil Code or to be interpreted separately.