D-E冲突类型和时间压力对风险决策的影响
The Effect of Time Pressure on Experience Decision Incorporating Conflicting Descriptions
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2020.109160, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 程塨渌：天津师范大学心理学部，天津；陈世平, 王晓庄*：天津师范大学心理学部，天津；教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地，天津师范大学心理与行为研究院，天津；学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室，天津
关键词: 风险决策；D-E冲突；时间压力；Risky Decision； Description-Experience Confliction； Time Pressure
摘要: 当来自外部的描述性信息(Description Information)与来自个体内在的经验信息(Experience Information)不一致时，即D-E冲突(Description-Experience Confliction)情境，对风险决策有显著影响。本研究进一步细化D-E冲突类型，考察获益条件下D风险大于E风险(个体经验的风险收益低于外部描述的风险收益，即风险不利冲突)、D风险小于E风险(个体经验的风险收益高于外部描述的风险收益，即风险有利冲突)情境对风险选择的影响，同时，检验时间压力在决策中的作用。采用2 (时间压力：无时间压力、时间压力) × 2 (D-E冲突类型：D > E风险不利、D < E风险有利)被试间设计，抽取125名被试，比较被试在不同D-E冲突类型情境中选择风险选项的比例。结果发现：1) 在D-E冲突的风险决策中，经验信息的影响大于描述性信息的影响。2) 在风险有利的D-E冲突情境中，时间压力会降低被试的风险偏好。本研究深化了对D-E冲突影响风险选择的规律性的认识。
Abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that decision makers are influenced by the situation in which description conflicts with experience. The situation is namely D-E confliction. According to sensitivity of expected value, we examine two types of confliction whose subjects exposed to description and experiences simultaneously make decision when risky choice was advantageous or disadvantageous. When risky choice was advantageous, subjects judged risky choice was better than safe choice from experience, although description supported safe choice (D < E). When risky choice was disadvantageous, subjects judged safe choice was better than risky choice from experience information, although description supported risky choice (D > E). Moreover, external factors are also important in risky decision. Time pressure, as an external factor, makes strong influence on decision makers. Thus we also observe the influence of time pressure in D-E confliction. We recruited 125 participants and employed 2 × 2 between-subject design: two levels of time pressure (presence of time pressure or absence of time pressure) and two types of D-E confliction (D > E or D < E) for purpose of observing participants’ choice for the risk option in different treatment. Our result provides evidence supporting previous studies that decision makers believed their experiences more than descriptions. Secondly, our result suggests that participants under time pressure chose risky options less than participants without time pressure when risky choice was advantageous.
文章引用：程塨渌, 陈世平, 王晓庄 (2020). D-E冲突类型和时间压力对风险决策的影响. 心理学进展, 10(9), 1363-1374. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2020.109160

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