持续低温阴雨对六盘水大用基地车厘子开花期的影响分析

Effect of Continuous Low Temperature and Rain on Flowering Period of Cherries in Liupanshui Dayong

摘要: 利用贵州省六盘水市大用车厘子基地2016~2018年的3~4月逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、降水量等气象资料，分析持续低温阴雨天气对车厘子开花期的影响。结果表明：车厘子产量与花期低温阴雨日数有密切的关系，花期低温阴雨日数越长，车厘子产量越低；花期低温阴雨日数越短，车厘子产量越高。2016年车厘子开花期平均气温为6.7℃，其平均气温低于开花期适宜温度，且在开花期后期出现持续5 d的低温阴雨天气，严重影响车厘子开花授粉受精，造成2016年车厘子未结果；2017年车厘子开花期平均气温为12.9℃，其平均气温在车厘子开花期适宜温度范围，但从盛花期到坐果期气温较高，无降水，导致车厘子树体吸收的水分不够，影响了车厘子坐果；2018年车厘子开花期平均气温为13.1℃，其平均气温在车厘子开花期适宜温度范围，且开花期气温变化幅度不大，开花期日数明显比2016年和2017年偏长，有利于车厘子坐果。

Abstract: Based on the daily average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation and other meteorological data from March to April in 2016-2018 in Dayong base of Liupanshui, Guizhou Province, China, the effect of continuous low temperature and precipitation on flowering period of cherries was analyzed. The results show that, the longer the days of low temperature and precipitation at flowering stage, the lower the yield of cherries, the shorter the days of low temperature and precipitation, the higher the yield. In 2016, the average temperature at flowering was 6.7˚C, which was lower than the suitable temperature at flowering, at the later stage of flowering, the weather of low temperature and precipitation lasting for 5 days appeared. It seriously affected the flowering, pollination and fertilization of cherries, as a result, cherries in 2016 did not result. In 2017, the average temperature at flowering stage was 12.9˚C. The average temperature was in the suitable temperature range during the flowering period, but the temperature was higher from the full flowering period to the fruit setting period, and there was no precipitation, which led to the insufficient water absorbed by the tree, which affected the fruit setting. In 2018, the average temperature at flowering stage was 13.1˚C; the average temperature was within the suitable temperature range of cherry flowering period; the temperature change range was not large during flowering period, and the number of days in flowering period was significantly longer than that in 2016 and 2017, which was conducive to fruit setting.