“代际公平”与“代内公平”的环境法思考——以罗尔斯的《正义论》为线索

Thinking about Environmental Law of “Intergenerational Equity” and “Intra-Generational Equity”—Taking Rawls’s A Theory of Justice as a Clue

摘要: “代际公平”理论是属于罗尔斯所著的《正义论》的部分内容，其中主要是关于“目的”这一章，关于何为“理性的善”和“正义的善”，这其中的理论就提到了包含了“代内公平”和“代际公平”的可持续发展原则。可持续发展原则在国际环境法中是一项基本原则，在我国环境法中也有举足轻重的地位，其中“代际公平”还常见于各国环境保护法体系中的一些立法目的性条款。通过对环境法体系中一些法律条款的思考，对环境法的一些基本问题理解和一些实证分析，在进行分析总结之后逐渐上升到一个对可持续发展理论理性思考的层面，通过理论再回归法学，同时寻求民主、协商和对话的一种生态实践理性，从而来寻求一种“生态善”的理念引领整个环境法的发展。

Abstract: The theory of “intergenerational equity” is a part of Rawls’s A Theory of Justice, which is mainly about the “purpose” chapter, about what is “rational good” and “just good”. His theory mentioned the principles of sustainable development including “intra-generation equity” and “intergenera-tional equity”. The principle of sustainable development is a basic principle in international envi-ronmental law, and it also has a pivotal position in our country’s environmental law. Among them, “intergenerational equity” is also commonly found in some legislative purpose clauses in the envi-ronmental protection law system of various countries. Through thinking about some legal clauses in the environmental law system and understanding some basic issues of environmental law and some empirical analysis, after analysis and summary, it gradually rises to a level of rational thinking about sustainable development theory, and then returns to law through theory. At the same time, it seeks a kind of ecological practical rationality of democracy, consultation and dialogue, so as to seek a concept of “ecological goodness” to lead the development of the entire environmental law.