青岛市黄岛区街道绿化植物滞尘效应分析

Analysis of Dust Retention Effect of Greening Plants in Huangdao District of Qingdao

摘要: 本文选取青岛市黄岛区具有代表性的绿化植物及绿地进行采样研究，采用重量差值法和不同类型植物搭配的样方分析法，定量测量了三功能区14个常见植物的单位表面滞尘能力和7个典型搭配样方的总滞尘能力。研究表明：供试植物的变异系数在0.05~0.39之间，最大的是草本类的沿阶草，最小的是乔木类的黄栌。PM10 (可吸入颗粒物)占TSP (总悬浮颗粒物)滞尘比例大于80%的有中山杉、金边黄杨、小叶黄杨、红叶石楠、连翘、剑叶金鸡菊、石榴，其中中山杉比例最大，达到94.89%。金边黄杨和石榴变异系数小且PM10占TSP滞尘比例较大，可作为优选绿化植物。公园的单位叶面积滞尘量和单株植物滞尘量都要明显小于车流量较大的科大北门和交通局。滞尘量最多的样方搭配是最少的19倍，此种搭配(梧桐–小叶黄杨–冬青)每样方(5 m × 3 m)的滞尘量达到2486 g。依据不同绿化植物和立体感进行搭配，为绿化植物选择及降低大气颗粒物污染提供依据。

Abstract: In this paper, the representative green plants and green spaces in Huangdao District of Qingdao were selected for sampling, using the method of weight difference and quadrat analysis of different types of plants, the dust retention capacity per unit surface of 14 common plants in three functional areas and the total dust retention capacity of 7 typical samples were measured. The results show that the coefficient of variation of the tested plants is between 0.05 - 0.39, the largest is the herb Ophiopogon bodinieri level; the smallest is the tall tree Cotinus coggygria. PM10 (inhalable particu-lates) accounted for more than 80% of TSP (total suspended particulates) dust retention ratio. There were Zhongshan fir, Phnom Penh boxwood, Euonymus japonicus, red leaf Shi Nan, forsythia suspending, sword leaf chrysanthemum, pomegranate, and the highest proportion of Zhongshan fir reached 94.89%. The coefficient of variation of Phnom Penh boxwood and pomegranate are small, and PM10 accounts for a large proportion of TSP dust retention, so they can be used as optimal greening plants. The amount of dust retention per unit leaf area and per plant in the park is signifi-cantly smaller than that in the north gate of Keda and the Transportation Bureau with large traffic volume. The collocation Wutong is the most common sample collocation at least 19 times. The dust holding capacity of each sample (5 m × 3 m) of this combination (Chinese parasol-Euonymus japonicus-holly) is 2486 g. According to different greening plants and three-dimensional sense, it can provide basis for greening plant selection and reducing air particle pollution.