工作记忆注意焦点转换中的认知过程

Cognitive Processes Involved in Switching of the Focus of Attention within Working Memory

摘要: 注意焦点转换现象是工作记忆领域研究的热点之一，但现有研究主要将这一现象作为整体的过程进行考察，而对于这一现象所涉及的具体认知过程关注较少。近年来一系列的研究发现，注意焦点转换涉及复杂的认知过程，至少与四种认知过程有关，即背景存取、提取、更新和反向抑制。该文首先介绍注意焦点转换的研究背景；然后重点关注这四种认知过程的相关研究，并指出现有研究存在的问题；最后提出一种注意焦点转换的认知过程模型，这一模型为未来研究提供了一个新的视角。

Abstract: The phenomenon of switching of the focus of attention has been one of the hot topics in the field of working memory. However, current studies mainly examine this phenomenon as a general cognitive process, but pay little attention to the specific cognitive processes involved in this phenomenon. In recent years, a series of studies have found that switching of the focus of attention involves complex cognitive processes, which are related to at least four cognitive processes, namely processes of context access, retrieval, updating and backward inhibition. The paper first introduces the research backgrounds of switching of the focus of attention. The paper then focuses on the researches of these four cognitive processes and points out the problems existing in these researches. Finally, the cognitive processes model of switching of the focus of attention is proposed, which provides a new perspective for further research.