湖南小溪国家级自然保护区繁殖鸟类多样性与区系特征

Diversity and Fauna Characteristics of Breeding Birds in Hunan Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve, China

摘要: 鸟类是一个区域生物多样性组成的重要类群，开展鸟类监测将为保护管理提供决策依据。2018~2019年每年5~6月，采用可变距离样线法对湖南永顺县小溪国家级自然保护区的繁殖鸟类进行了调查。共记录到鸟类13目42科107种(国家二级保护动物有13种)，其中优势种为领雀嘴鹎Spizixos semitorques、白颊噪鹛Garrulax sannio、灰眶雀鹛Alcippe morrisonia、黄臀鹎Pycnonotus xanthorrhous、红头穗鹛Cyanoderma ruficeps、金腰燕Cecropis daurica、斑胸钩嘴鹛Erythrogenys gravivox、绿翅短脚鹎Ixos mcclellandii、栗耳凤鹛Yuhina castaniceps、画眉Garrulax canorus 10种。繁殖鸟类居留型中，留鸟有83种、夏候鸟有22种，旅鸟2种，留鸟构成该区繁殖鸟类主体。在不同生境中，常绿阔叶林生境多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数均最高，分别为5.8923、0.7568、0.9825，为本区繁殖鸟类分布的重要区域。在地理型中，东洋界鸟类有82种，古北界有15种，广布种有10种，以东洋型、南中国型等东洋界鸟类为主要区系成分，兼有东西过渡和南北渗透的特点。最后，针对该区鸟类面临的主要问题，提出鸟类保护管理对策与建议。

Abstract: Birds are an important group of regional biodiversity. Bird monitoring will provide decision-making basis for conservation management. Breeding bird surveys were monthly conducted along 10 variable distanceline transects at Hunan Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve, China from May and June of 2018 to 2019. In total, 107 species belonging to 13 orders and 42 families were recorded, and 13 species listed as the second-grade national protected wildlife. In 107 species, ten dominant bird species (Spizixos semitorqu, Garrulax sannio, Alcippe morrisonia, Pycnonotus xanthorrhous, Cyanoderma ruficeps, Cecropis daurica, Erythrogenys gravivox, Ixos mcclellandii, Yuhina castaniceps and Garrulax canorus) were observed during the survey. Among the breeding bird residence types, 83 species were residents, 22 were summer migrants, 2 were travelers. All of avian diversity index (5.8923), evenness index (0.7568) and dominance index (0.9825) were the highest in Evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is an important area for breeding birdsin Xiaoxi Nature Reserve. 82 species were oriental in distribution, 15 were palaearctic, 10 were widespread species. The Oriental-style, South-Chinese-type and other Oriental-style birds occupy a dominant position in the fauna, meanwhile, there were both transition and north-south penetration. Finally, according to the mainly problems, some suggestions for bird conservation and management were proposed.