1960~2019年新疆达坂城风区风蚀气候侵蚀力变化特征

Erosion Climatic Erosivity in the Dabancheng Wind Area during 1960-2019

摘要: 基于新疆达坂城风区达坂城气象站1960~2019年逐月降水量、平均气温、平均风速和平均相对湿度，采用联合国粮农组织给出的公式计算新疆达坂城风区风蚀气候因子指数值，分析达坂城风区风蚀气候侵蚀力基本特征，结果表明：1) 达坂城风区风蚀气候因子指数近60年整体上呈显著减少的趋势，并以−54.2 (10a)^-1的趋势在较少，但变化过程呈现为开口向下的抛物线形状，60年代到70年代初期呈现显著上升的趋势，70年代初期到80年代中期起伏波动较大，80年代中后期开始趋于稳定的下降趋势，历史极高值出现在1979年，高达601.7，极小值出现在2019年，仅为38.9；2) 风蚀气候因子指数具有明显的月际和季节变化特征，4~5月最大，9~10月最小，春季最大，冬季次之，秋季和夏季最小，四季和年指数线性变化趋势一致；3) 通过Mann-Kendall检验分析，风蚀气候因子指数没有发生突变；4) 影响风蚀气候因子指数的关键气象因子为平均风速，降水量、平均气温和相对湿度三个因子并不显著。

Abstract: Based on the monthly precipitation, mean temperature, mean wind speed and mean relative hu-midity data at Dabancheng meteorological station in Dabancheng Wind Area, Xinjiang from 1960 to 2019, the wind erosion climatic factor index of Dabancheng Wind Area was calculated using the formula given by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The basic features of wind erosion climatic erosivity were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Dabancheng wind area wind erosion climatic factor index has significantly decreased in the past 60 years, and the reduc-tion rate is −54.2 (10a)^-1. However, the process of change presents a downward parabolic shape. It presented a significant upward trend from the 1960s to the early 1970s, greatly fluctuated from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s and then began to decrease in the mid to late 1980s. The historically high value appeared in 1979, reaching 601.7, and the minimum value appeared in 2019, only 38.9; 2) The wind erosion climate factor index has obvious seasonal and inter-monthly changes with the largest value from April to May, the smallest value from September to October. Spring is the largest, followed by winter; autumn and summer are the smallest. Seasonal and annual indexes have the same linear trend; 3) Analysis using Mann-Kendall test method shows that the wind erosion climate factor index has no abrupt change; 4) Mean wind speeds are the main restricting factors of wind erosion climate factor index. The relationship between wind erosion climate factor index, precipitation, mean temperature and relative humidity is not significant.