热带太平洋与热带大西洋的海温梯度统计关系研究

A Study on the Statistical Relationship of SST Gradient between the Tropical Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean

摘要: 本文用英国哈德莱中心的全球海面温度(HadISST)数据集，先后通过海温距平场、九年滑动平均、相关分析的方法，分析了1900~2019年热带太平洋与大西洋海温距平分布特征及海温梯度统计关系。得出结论如下：1) 热带太平洋年平均海温总体呈现西高东低的分布特征，热带大西洋为带状分布，海温从低纬向高纬递减。热带太平洋与热带大西洋海温距平均在春季与冬季表现为：赤道以北海温以负距平为主，赤道以南以及赤道附近海温以正距平为主。夏季与秋季则相反。热带东太平洋海温距平在春季与秋季呈递增趋势。热带西太平洋四季海温距平变化趋势均为先降低后升高。热带东西大西洋四季海温距平变化趋势表现为上下起伏。2) 热带太平洋海温梯度与大西洋海温梯度在春季存在显著的负相关关系，热带太平洋海温梯度与北大西洋海温距平呈现中等的负相关，热带大西洋海温梯度与太平洋中部海温距平呈中等的正相关关系。

Abstract: This paper used the data set of global sea surface temperature (HadISST) from Hadley Center in the UK. By using the method of nine-year moving average and correlation analysis, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of seasonal sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the tropical Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean and the relationship between them from 1900 to 2019. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The annual average SST in the tropical Pacific Ocean is generally high in the West and low in the East. SST in the tropical Atlantic shows a zonal distribution, and decreases from low latitudes to high latitudes. In spring and winter, the SSTA in tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic Ocean is mainly negative in the north of the equator, and positive in the south and near the equator, while in summer and winter, it’s opposite. In spring and autumn, the SSTA of the tropical East Pacific is increasing. The trend of SSTA in the western tropical Pacific is decreasing first and then increasing. The trend of SSTA in the four seasons in the East and West Atlantic of the tropics shows ups and downs. 2) There is a significant negative correlation between the SST gradient of the tropical Pacific and the Atlantic in spring, a medium negative correlation between the SST gradient of the Pacific and the SSTA of the North Atlantic, and a medium positive correlation between the SST gradient of the tropical Atlantic and the SSTA of the Central Pacific.