唐山海岸带环境重金属含量特征及影响因素

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metals in Tangshan Coastal Environment

摘要: 唐山是我国北方重要的工业基地，伴随近年来快速的工业化进程，唐山海岸带区域成为承接京津和唐山市钢铁、化工等重点企业的重要场所。本文在详细野外踏勘的基础上，在河流入海口、曹妃甸湿地、南堡、乐亭等工业区、京唐港等港口、祥云湾旅游区以及人工岛等不同部位，采集了丰富的表层沉积物样品。利用XRF、AAS以及ICP-MS对样品进行主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学分析。研究显示，由于人工岛、港口防波堤等大型海洋工程的建设，改变了原有的沉积条件，促使局部水动力条件发生改变，造成冲淤条件失衡，原本淤积海岸侵蚀加剧，泥质沉积区沉积物粒度增大，出现粉砂、砂质堆积。该特征在曹妃甸港、京唐港、打网岗等地表现最为明显。微观上，工业化进程导致微量元素发生迁移或积聚，重金属污染有加剧的趋势，其在滦河口、陡河口、曹妃甸港、京唐港等观测点偏高，在湿地、围海造地区偏低。启示快速工业化进程可能造成某些元素在新的沉积环境条件下富集，也有可能在特定环境中因受到稀释而含量降低，具有较大的随机性和不确定性。

Abstract: Tangshan is an important industrial base in the north of China. With the rapid industrialization process in recent years, Tangshan coastal zone has become an important place to undertake key enterprises such as steel and chemical industry in Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan. On the basis of detailed field survey, abundant surface sediment samples were collected from river estuary, Caofeidian wetland, Nanpu, Leting and other industrial areas, ports such as Jingtang Port, Xian-gyun Bay Tourist Area and artificial island. XRF, AAS and ICP-MS were used for the geochemical analysis of major, trace and rare earth elements in the samples. The study shows that due to the construction of large-scale marine engineering such as artificial island and port breakwater, the original sedimentary conditions have been changed, and the local hydrodynamic conditions have changed, resulting in the imbalance of scouring and silting conditions. The erosion of the original silted coast has been intensified, and the sediment particle size in the argillaceous deposition area has increased, resulting in the accumulation of silt and sand. This feature is most obvious in Caofeidian port, Jingtang Port and Daowanggang. On the micro level, the process of industrialization leads to the migration or accumulation of trace elements, and the pollution of heavy metals tends to aggravate, which is higher in Luanhe estuary, Douhekou, Caofeidian port, Jingtang Port and other observation points, while it is lower in wetlands and sea reclamation areas. It is suggested that the rapid industrialization process may lead to the enrichment of some elements in the new sedimentary environment, or the content of some elements may be reduced due to dilution in a specific environment, which is of great randomness and uncertainty.