三环泡自然保护区大型底栖动物生物多样性研究

The Study of Benthic Macroinvertebrates Biodiversity in Sanhuanpao Natural Reserve

摘要: 2016年夏季在黑龙江省三环泡自然保护区进行了大型底栖动物调查取样，在物种鉴定的基础上，利用Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Evenness指数对大型底栖动物的生物多样性进行了研究，同时与水文连通的其他保护区进行了对比。本次共发现大型底栖动物19种，隶属于2门7目15科，主要包括软体动物门(9种)和节肢动物门(10种)，其中以软体动物门数量最多，占93.1%。三环泡自然保护区的大型底栖动物密度为303.5 ± 239.5 ind•m⁻²，优势物种为软体动物门的椭圆萝卜螺(Radix swinhoei)。Simpson优势度指数为0.55 ± 0.21，Shannon-Wiener指数为1.11 ± 0.43，处于寡到适中的水平，Evenness指数为0.75 ± 0.24，表明分布具有不稳定性。通过与水文连通的相邻保护区对比，三环泡自然保护区大型底栖动物种类较另外两保护区略少，但是物种分布趋于均匀，群落结构比较稳定。

Abstract: In the summer of 2016, a survey was conducted on benthic macroinvertebrates biodiversity in Sanhuanpao Natural Reserve of Heilongjiang Province, on the basis of species identification, the Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Evenness index were used to study the biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates, and meanwhile, comparisons were made with other hydrology con-nected reserves. The result showed that a total of 19 species of benthic macroinvertebrates be-longing to 2 phylum, 7 orders and 15 familys were identified in this survey. Among them, 9 species were molluscs, accounting for 93.1% of the total species. The density of benthic macroinvertebrates was 303.5 ± 239.5 ind•m⁻², Radix swinhoei was the dominant species. Simpson index was 0.55 ± 0.21, Shannon-Wiener index was 1.11 ± 0.43, Evenness index was 0.75 ± 0.24. The species of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Sanhuanpao Natural Reserve were less than those in the other two hydrology connected reserves, but the distribution of species tends to be uniform, and the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates was stabled.