中国境内冠斑犀鸟的分布调查与保护策略

Distribution and Protection Strategy of Anthracoceros albirostris in China

摘要: 科学问题：为了解冠斑犀鸟在我国的分布情况和为保护管理部门提供决策依据。研究方法：2014年5月至2019年7月，我们采用样线、样点法和访问调查法，共计布设调查样线共109条，样线总长度达619.98 km，平均每条样线长5.69 km，采取绝对数量统计与可信度判断的统计方法，对广西、云南和西藏3省区的38个县域的文献记录分布区域进行了调查。研究结果：在调查的38个县中，确认26个县区有冠斑犀鸟分布记录，其他12个县(区)调查期间未获得冠斑犀鸟分布信息。实地记录到冠斑犀鸟的有：广西西大明山自然保护区、广西恩城保护区、云南澜沧江河谷和云南铜壁关自然保护区等8个保护地区域，数量介于183~300只之间，确定的数量为63只，包括21只繁殖出巢的幼鸟。种群数量与全国第一次野生动物资源调查的估算数量基本持平，但与文献或网络上搜集到的记录信息对比，冠斑犀鸟分布仍有向南退缩的趋势。研究结论：建议提升冠斑犀鸟保护级别、划定冠斑犀鸟的重要栖息地、重点保护现有和潜在的栖息地，提倡实施大树保护计划，强化执法管理，制定冠斑犀鸟保护行动计划，以促进冠斑犀鸟种群数量的增长。

Abstract: Objective: In order to understand the distribution of the Anthracoceros albirostris in China and to provide decision-making basis with the protection for management departments. Method: From May 2014 to July 2019, we used the sample line, sample point method and interview survey method. A total of 109 survey sample lines were set up, with a total length of 619.98 km and an average length of 5.69 km. The statistical methods of absolute quantity statistics and credibility judgments investigated the distribution areas of document records in 38 counties in Guangxi, Yunnan, and Ti-bet. Result: Among the 38 counties surveyed, the distribution records of the hornbills in 26 coun-ties were confirmed, and the distribution information of the Malabar pied hornbill was not obtained during the other 12 counties (districts). The field records of the Malabar pied hornbill are: Guang-xi’s Xi Damingshan Nature Reserve, Nonggang Protected Area, Encheng Protected Area, Chongzuo Baitou Langary Reserve, Damingshan Protected Area, and Yunnan’s Minjiang River Valley, Nanluo River Reserve, Xishuangbanna Reserve and Copper Wall. The number of nature reserves is between 183 and 300. Among them, the number determined was 63, including 21 young birds that breed nests. The population is basically the same as the estimated number of the first wild animal resources survey in the country. However, compared with the records collected in the literature or on the Internet, the distribution of the Malabar pied hornbill still has a tendency to retreat southward. Conclusion: It is recommended to improve the protection level of the hornbill, delineate the important habitat of the Malabar pied hornbill, focus on protecting existing and potential habitats, and advocate the implementation of the big tree protection plan. Promote the implementation of the tree protection plan, strengthen law enforcement management, and develop a plan of protection for the hornbill protection, thereby promoting the growth of the population of the Malabar pied hornbill.