微生物卤化酶及其应用研究进展

Research Progress in Microbial Halogenases and Their Industrial Applications

摘要: 由于卤素原子具有强大的电负性，它的存在可以改变化合物的物理化学性质和生物活性。尽管我们可以通过化学反应合成卤化物，但能量消耗大，易对环境造成污染。许多天然化合物含有卤素原子，自然界演化出多种卤化酶来负责这些化合物的卤化。本文综述了目前发现的各种卤化酶及其特征以及催化机理，简介了如何通过人工改造拓宽卤化酶的催化底物和提高其热稳定性两方面的研究进展，为进一步促进卤化酶在工业催化方面的应用提供理论依据。

Abstract: As the halogens have a large electronegativity, the introduction of a halogen atom to small molecules can have a profound effect on their bioactivity, physical and chemical properties. Halides can be synthesized through chemical reactions, which require high energy consumption and result in environmental pollution. Many natural compounds contain halogen atoms, and a range of halogenases have been identified to be responsible for the halogenation. In this review, the microbial halogenases identified and their characteristics and catalytic mechanisms were first introduced. The current strategies to broaden the catalytic substrates of halogenases and to improve the thermal stability were then summarized. The information provides clues for the development of highly efficient halogenases in industrial catalysis.