天津市海水养殖尾水排放标准制定探讨

Discussion on the Formulating of Discharge Standard of Mariculture Tailwater in Tianjin

摘要: 海水养殖尾水排放标准是海水养殖尾水排放管理的重要依据，为科学制定天津市海水养殖尾水排放标准，通过文献查阅、调研以及尾水监测等方法对天津市海水养殖尾水排放特征和其他省市相关标准进行了研究。根据研究结果，对天津市海水养殖尾水排放标准的制定提出几点建议：一是标准适用范围上适用于封闭性水体内进行的海水养殖；二是在受纳水体功能类别基础上结合养殖方式进行标准分类分级；三是控制指标具有代表性且精简，选取悬浮物、pH、化学需氧量(COD_Mn)、氨氮、总氮和总磷六项控制指标；四是充分考虑污染控制技术和经济可行性，合理确定排放限值。为确保标准顺利实施，从行政管理层面、养殖户层面和加强监督管理层面提出几点建议。

Abstract: Discharge standard of tailwater pollutants for mariculture is an important basis for discharge of mari-culture tailwater. To formulate the discharge standard of mariculture tailwater in Tianjin scientifically, the characteristics of tailwater discharge of mariculture and relevant standards of other provinces and cities were studied by literature review and investigation, combined with the tailwater monitoring. Ac-cording to the results, we proposed some suggestions to formulate discharge standard of mariculture tailwater. Firstly, the standard is applicable to mariculture in closed water. Secondly, classification is based on functions of receiving water and aquaculture models. Thirdly, the control indicators are representative and concise. Suspended solid, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn), ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are added. Fourthly, the emission limit is determined reasonably considering the technical and economic feasibility of pollution control. To ensure the implementation of the discharge standard smoothly, some suggestions from the perspective of administrative management, farmers and strengthening supervision and management are also put forward.