基于PDA测试体系的学龄前儿童体适能研究

Research on Physical Fitness of Preschool Children Based on PDA Test System

摘要: 目的：通过对六盘水3~6岁幼儿的PDA测试了解六盘水市3~6岁幼儿体适能发展现状，为幼儿体适能的发展进行正确的干预和引导，以形成正确而良好的幼儿体育发展，为更好的适应体育强国战略而打下坚实基础。方法：采用Physical Data Archives的基础测试项目、运动测试项目两个大板块对六盘水市随机抽取的151名3~6岁幼儿进行测试，取得数据采用SPSS26.0软件进行描述性分析、单因素方差分析、t检验。结果：1) 在基础性项目当中，臂展、胸围方面随着年龄的增长得分呈现逐渐增加，并且5~6岁儿童的平均分高于3~4岁儿童。坐姿体前屈方面3~6岁儿童得分无明显变化。2) 在运动性项目中，跳跃方面3~6岁儿童不存在显著性差异，平衡方面3~4岁儿童非显著性高于5~6岁儿童，协调方面，3~5岁儿童非显著性高于5~6岁儿童，力量方面3~4岁儿童非显著性高于其他两组儿童，物体控制(手) 4~5岁儿童非显著性高于5~6岁儿童，物体控制(脚)方面，3~4岁儿童非显著性高于4~6岁儿童。结论：1) 六盘水市3~6岁儿童在基础性项目测试中的得分比操作性项目要高，儿童的测试得分随着年龄的增长而增高，显著性差异不明显。2) 运动性项目中，由于动作难度较大，导致不同阶段的儿童得分存在较大的非显著性差异。

Abstract: Objective: Through the PDA test of 3 - 6-year-old children in Liupanshui, understand the develop-ment status of physical fitness of 3 - 6-year-old children in Liupanshui City, and carry out correct intervention and guidance for the development of children physical fitness, so as to form a correct and good development of children sports, and lay a solid foundation for better adaptation to sports power. Methods: 151 children aged 3 - 6 years were randomly selected from Liupanshui City by physical data archives, which were divided into basic test items and exercise test items. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA and t-test by SPSS26.0 software. Results: 1) in the basic items, the scores of BML, arm span and chest circumference increased with age, and the average score of 5- 6-year-old children was higher than that of 3 - 4-year-old children. There was no significant difference in the scores of 3 - 6-year-old children in sitting posture and forward flexion. 2) In sports, 3 - 6-year-old children had no significant difference in jumping, 3 - 4-year-old children were not significantly higher than 5 - 6-year-old children in balance, 3 - 5-year-old children were not significantly higher than 5 - 6-year-old children in coordination, 3 - 4-year-old children were not significantly higher than the other two groups in terms of strength, 4 - 5-year-old children were not significantly higher than 5 - 6-year-old children, object control (foot) was not significantly higher than 5 - 6-year-old children 3 - 4 years old children were not significantly higher than 4 - 6 years old children. Conclusion: 1) the scores of children aged 3 - 6 years old in the basic item test are higher than those in the operational item test. The test score of children increases with age, and the restrictive difference is not obvious. 2) In sports events, because of the difficulty of movement, there are great non-limited differences in children’s scores at different stages.