粉煤灰的综合利用研究现状及发展前景

Research Status and Development Prospect of Comprehensive Utilization of Fly Ash

摘要: 粉煤灰一般指飞灰，由燃料(煤)燃烧过程中排出的微小灰粒，其粒径一般在1~100 μm之间，属于危险废物。粉煤灰是煤粉进入1300~1500摄氏度的炉膛后，在悬浮燃烧条件下经受热面吸热后冷却而形成的。大量的粉煤灰如不加以控制或处理，将会造成大气污染，进入水体会污染水质，淤塞河道，粉煤灰中的一些化学物质对生物和人体造成危害，而我国又是产煤和用煤的大国，主要以煤炭作为电力生产的基本原料，每年的粉煤灰排放量巨大，给我国的国民经济建设及生态环境造成巨大的压力。如何将粉煤灰综合利用，变废为宝，实现资源的再利用，是解决我国电力生产环境污染与资源的再利用切实可行的手段，通过酸，碱，盐，表面活化剂和混合改性等方法进行粉煤灰改性处理，从而能将其应用于不同的行业中，实现价值的再创造。

Abstract: Fly ash generally refers to fly ash, which is a kind of hazardous waste. The particle size of fly ash is between 1 and 100 μm. Fly ash is formed when pulverized coal enters the furnace of 1300˚C~1500˚C and is cooled after absorbing heat on the hot surface under the condition of suspension combustion. If a large amount of fly ash is not controlled or treated, it will cause air pollution. If it enters the wa-ter body, it will pollute the water quality and block the river course. Some chemical substances in the fly ash will do harm to biology and human body. China is a big country that produces and uses coal. Coal is the basic raw material of electric power production, and the annual emission of fly ash is huge, which will give rise to China’s national economic construction The ecological environment causes great pressure. How to make comprehensive utilization of fly ash, turn waste into treasure, and realize the reuse of resources, is a practical and feasible means to solve the environmental pol-lution and resource reuse of electric power production in our country. Through the methods of acid, alkali, salt, surfactant and mixed modification, fly ash is modified, so that it can be used in different industries and realizes value recreation.