典型返回再入体位对HUMOS假人动态响应影响研究

Study on Responses of HUMOS Dummy in Typical Body Posture under Spacecraft Re-Entry Overload

摘要: 为探索飞船返回再入加速度过载下人体姿态对乘员动力学响应的影响，本文利用Pro-E和HyperWorks软件建立了仰姿和躺姿两种典型人体姿态的假人–座椅系统模型。模型中使用了HUMOS II (Human Model for Safety Version II)人体生物力学模型。根据实际离心试验数据对假人–座椅系统模型进行了标定和验证。论证并分析了在高加速度过载(峰值为6.4 g)条件下，人体姿态对人体关键器官包括心脏、肺、膈肌、肝脏和腹部脏器过载响应的影响。仿真结果表明，膈肌的位移和变形是影响人体对再入过载耐受力的最重要因素。膈肌在卧姿时受到其他器官的作用力大于躺姿时的作用力。因此，飞船设计人员应更多地关注人体内部器官的受力状态，选择一个在飞船返回时对乘员具有更好保护作用的体位姿态，本文建议飞船乘员的姿态设计应优先选择躺姿。

Abstract: To demonstrate the effect of body posture on the occupant dynamic response under a spacecraft high-level re-entry acceleration overload, seat-dummy system models with typical body positions, including supine and lying positions, are established in this study using Pro-E and Hyper Works software. A human model for safety (Version II) dummy was used in the model. Seat-dummy system models were calibrated and validated according to actual centrifugal test data. The effect of body posture on the overload response of key body organs, including the heart, lung, diaphragm, liver, and abdominal viscera are demonstrated and analyzed under a high-level acceleration overload (a peak value of 6.4 g as input). Simulation results show that the displacement and deformation of the diaphragm are the most important factors affecting human tolerance to re-entry overload. The acting force of the diaphragm from other organs’ inertial reaction in supine position is larger than that in the lying position. Therefore, spacecraft designers should focus more on the mechanical status of human internal organs and provide a body posture for better protection of the crew during spacecraft re-entry.