基于改进蝙蝠算法的车联网路侧单元部署优化研究

Research on Optimization Method of Roadside Unit Deployment in Internet of Vehicles Based on Improved Bat Algorithm

摘要: 路侧单元(Road-Side Unit, RSU)作为连接车辆和外部网络的桥梁，是车联网通信中的核心部分之一，设计合理的RSU部署方案对于充分发挥其单元效益在车联网中十分重要。本文首先通过将自适应t分布引入到蝙蝠算法中，并在算法迭代过程中加入了灾变机制，从而提出一种改进的蝙蝠算法，能够快速收敛到最优解；随后将改进蝙蝠算法应用到路侧单元的部署中，仿真结果表明该方法能够快速收敛到最优部署效益，具有较好的性能。

Abstract: Road-side unit (RSU) is one of the core parts of communication mode in internet of vehicles. As the bridge connecting vehicles and external networks, it is very important to design a reasonable RSU deployment scheme to give full play to its unit efficiency in the internet of vehicles. In this paper, an improved bat algorithm based on self-adaptive t-distribution and catastrophe mechanism was proposed. In the proposed algorithm, self-adaptive t-distribution adopted to improve convergence speed and catastrophe mechanism in the algorithm iteration process introduced to increase bat population diversity. Then, the improved bat algorithm is applied to the deployment of roadside units. The simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly converge to the optimal deployment benefit and has good performance.