中国致密气开发技术进展及展望

Development and Prospect of Tight Gas in China

摘要: 近年来，随着地质理论和开发技术的不断进步，中国致密气勘探开发取得了显著进展，已成为天然气增储上产的重要领域。针对中国致密气埋藏深度大、气层厚度小、非均质性强、含气饱和度低、气水关系复杂、开发具有“三低一快一长”的特点，以提高单井产量、降低开发成本为技术目标，经过几十年的探索和攻关，形成了储层“甜点”预测及有利区定量优选技术、多层系多井型井网优化技术、直井多层压裂和水平井分段压裂、排水采气及井下节流等开发关键技术，推动了致密气的规模化开发。中国致密砂岩气发展前景广阔，但仍面临资源品质差、稳产能力弱、采收率低的挑战，建议进一步攻关提高单井产量采收率技术以及大数据优化与智能化开采技术，不断提升致密砂岩储量动用规模及开发效益。

Abstract: In recent years, along with the advance of geological theory and the development of technology, tight gas exploration and development in China has made significant progress, has become an im-portant field of gas increase in reserve and production. Tight gas in China has the characteristics of deep buried depth, small gas layer thickness, strong heterogeneity, low gas saturation, complex gas-water relationship, and “three low one quick one long” in production, in order to improve the single well production and reduce the development cost. After decades of exploration and research , key development technologies such as reservoir “dessert” prediction and favorable area quantitative optimization technology, multi-layer system and multi-well pattern optimization technology, multi-layer fracturing in vertical Wells and multi-stage fracturing in horizontal Wells, drainage gas recovery and downhole throttling have been formed, which have promoted the large-scale development of tight gas. In China, tight gas has a broad development, but it is still faced with challenges such as poor resource quality, weak stable production capacity and low recovery rate. Therefore, it is suggested to further explore technologies for improving single well production recovery rate, big data optimization and intelligent mining, so as to continuously improve the scale of exploitation and development benefits of tight sandstone reserves.