心理想象干预对抑郁症的影响
The Influence of Mental Imagery Intervention on Depression
DOI: 10.12677/ASS.2021.101022, PDF,   
作者: 周文璟：西南大学心理学部，重庆
关键词: 心理想象；抑郁症；干预；情绪；Mental Imagery； Depression； Intervention； Emotion
摘要: 抑郁症是一个全球性的健康问题，给很多家庭造成经济上的负担和精神上的压力。抑郁症在心理想象上通常表现为侵入性消极想象过多，缺乏积极心理想象，记忆过度概括化，想象生动性贫乏。心理想象是一种在无知觉情况下产生的一种经验，是人类认知中普遍存在的一个特征，它与情感之间存在特殊关系，和精神病理学有着联系。心理想象在临床心理学研究中未被充分探索，但它提出了许多临床障碍(如社交恐惧、精神分裂症、抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍等)方面潜在的运用价值。特别地，它在抑郁症的干预治疗中越来越受到许多研究者的青睐。本文简单地探讨了心理想象在抑郁症治疗中的运用，并指出了今后心理想象研究的一些方向。
Abstract: Depression is a global health problem that places a financial and emotional strain on many fami-lies. In terms of mental imagery, depression usually presents as too much invasive negative im-agery, lack of positive mental imagery, over-generalization of memory, and lack of vividness of imagery. Mental imagery is a kind of experience produced in the absence of perception, and it is a common feature in human cognition. There is a special relationship between mental imagery and emotion, which is related to psychopathology. Mental imagery has not been fully explored in clinical psychology research, but it has raised the potential application value of many clinical disorders, such as social phobia, schizophrenia, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. In particular, it is more and more favored by many researchers in the intervention of depression. This paper briefly discusses the application of mental imagery in the treatment of depression, and pointed out some directions of mental imagery research in the future.
文章引用：周文璟. 心理想象干预对抑郁症的影响[J]. 社会科学前沿, 2021, 10(1): 131-137. https://doi.org/10.12677/ASS.2021.101022

参考文献

[1] World Health Organization (2020) Depression. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression.
[2] American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub, New York. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] Herrman, H., Kieling, C., McGorry, P., Horton, R., Sargent, J. and Patel, V. (2019) Reducing the Global Burden of Depression: A Lancet—World Psychiatric Association Commission. The Lancet, 393, 42-43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Ledford, H. (2014) Medical Research: If Depression Were Cancer. Nature, 515, 182-184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Vos, T., Flaxman, A.D., Naghavi, M., Lozano, R. and Michaud, C.E.A. (2012) Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) for 1160 Sequelae of 289 Diseases and Injuries 1990-2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 380, 2163-2196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K.R. and Walters, E.E. (2005) Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593-602. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Andrews, G., Poulton, R. and Skoog, I. (2005) Lifetime Risk of Depression: Restricted to a Minority or Waiting for Most? The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 495-496. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Moussavi, S., Chatterji, S., Verdes, E., Tandon, A., Patel, V. and Ustun, B. (2007) Depression, Chronic Diseases, and Decrements in Health: Results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet, 370, 851-858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] Cuijpers, P., Sijbrandij, M., Koole, S.L., Andersson, G., Beekman, A.T. and Reynolds III, C.F. (2013) The Efficacy of Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy in Treating Depressive and Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Direct Comparisons. World Psychiatry, 12, 137-148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Hollon, S.D., Stewart, M.O. and Strunk, D. (2006) Enduring Effects for Cognitive Behavior Therapy in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 285-315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Holmes, E.A., Lang, T.J. and Shah, D.M. (2009) Developing Interpretation Bias Modification as a “Cognitive Vaccine” for Depressed Mood: Imagining Positive Events Makes You Feel Better than Thinking about Them Verbally. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 76-88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Blackwell, S.E., Browning, M., Mathews, A., Pictet, A., Welch, J., Davies, J., Watson, P., Geddes, J.R. and Holmes, E.A. (2015) Positive Imagery-Based Cognitive Bias Modification as a Web-Based Treatment Tool for Depressed Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 91-111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Torkan, H., Blackwell, S.E., Holmes, E.A., Kalantari, M., Ne-shat-Doost, H.T., Maroufi, M. and Talebi, H. (2014) Positive Imagery Cognitive Bias Modification in Treatment-Seeking Patients with Major Depression in Iran: A Pilot Study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38, 132-145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Blackwell, S.E. and Holmes, E.A. (2010) Modifying Interpretation and Imagination in Clinical Depression: A Single Case Series Using Cognitive Bias Modification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24, 338-350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] Lang, T.J., Blackwell, S.E., Harmer, C.J., Davison, P. and Holmes, E.A. (2012) Cognitive Bias Modification Using Mental Imagery for Depression: Developing a Novel Computerized Intervention to Change Negative Thinking Styles. European Journal of Personality, 26, 145-157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Kosslyn, S.M., Ganis, G. and Thompson, W.L. (2001) Neural Foundations of Imagery. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 635-642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Berntsen, D. and Jacobsen, A.S. (2008) Involuntary (Spontaneous) Mental Time Travel into the Past and Future. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 1093-104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Blackwell, S.E. (2019) Mental Imagery: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 29, 235-247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Edwards, D. (2007) Restructuring Implicational Meaning through Memo-ry-Based Imagery: Some Historical Notes. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 306-316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Lang, T.J., Moulds, M.L. and Holmes, E.A. (2009) Reducing Depressive Intrusions via a Computerized Cognitive Bias Modification of Appraisals Task: Developing a Cognitive Vaccine. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 139-145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Hitchcock, C., Werner-Seidler, A., Blackwell, S.E. and Dalgleish, T. (2017) Autobiographical Episodic Memory-Based Training for the Treatment of Mood, Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 52, 92-107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Gadeikis, D., Bos, N., Schweizer, S., Murphy, F. and Dunn, B. (2017) Engaging in an Experiential Processing Mode Increases Positive Emotional Response during Recall of Pleasant Autobio-graphical Memories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 92, 68-76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Seebauer, L., Arthen, T., Austermann, M., Falck, J., Koch, L., Moulds, M.L. and Jacob, G.A. (2016) Mood Repair in Healthy Individuals: Both Processing Mode and Imagery Content Matter. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 50, 289-294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Mathews, A., Ridgeway, V. and Holmes, E.A. (2013) Feels Like the Real Thing: Imagery Is Both More Realistic and Emotional than Verbal Thought. Cognition and Emotion, 27, 217-229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Gorgen, S.M., Joormann, J., Hiller, W. and Witthoft, M. (2015) The Role of Mental Imagery in Depression: Negative Mental Imagery Induces Strong Implicit and Explicit Affect in Depression. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6, 94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] MacLeod, C. and Mathews, A. (2012) Cognitive Bias Modification Approaches to Anxiety. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 189-217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Holmes, E.A., Lang, T.J. and Deeprose, C. (2009) Mental Imagery and Emotion in Treatment across Disorders: Using the Example of Depression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38, 21-28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Renner, F., Ji, J.L., Pictet, A., Holmes, E.A. and Blackwell, S.E. (2017) Effects of Engaging in Repeated Mental Imagery of Future Positive Events on Behavioural Activation in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41, 369-380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Chan, C.K.Y. and Cameron, L.D. (2011) Promoting Physical Activity with Goal-Oriented Mental Imagery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 347-363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Hackmann, A., Bennett-Levy, J. and Holmes, E.A. (2011) Oxford Guide to Imagery in Cognitive Therapy. Oxford University Press, New York. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[31] Holmes, E.A., Arntz, A. and Smucker, M.R. (2007) Imagery Rescripting in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Images, Treatment Techniques and Outcomes. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 297-305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Moritz, S., Ahlf-Schumacher, J., Hottenrott, B., Peter, U., Franck, S., Schnell, T., et al. (2018) We Cannot Change the Past, but We Can Change Its Meaning. A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Self-Help Imagery Rescripting on Depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 104, 74-83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Arntz, A. (2012) Imagery Rescripting as a Therapeutic Technique: Review of Clinical Trials, Basic Studies, and Research Agenda. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3, 189-208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[34] Foa, E.B., Steketee, G., Turner, R.M. and Fischer, S.C. (1980) Effects of Imaginal Exposure to Feared Disasters in Obsessive-Compulsive Checkers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 18, 449-455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Gilbert, P. (2009) The Compassionate Mind. Constable, Lon-don.
[36] Pearson, J., Naselaris, T., Holmes, E.A. and Kosslyn, S.M. (2015) Mental Imagery: Functional Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, 590-602. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Holmes, E.A., Blackwell, S.E., Burnett, H.S., Renner, F. and Raes, F. (2016) Mental Imagery in Depression: Phenomenology, Potential Mechanisms, and Treatment Implications. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 249-280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Holmes, E.A., Lang, T.J., Moulds, M.L. and Steele, A.M. (2008) Prospective and Positive Mental Imagery Deficits in Dysphoria. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 976-981. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Beck, A.T. (1967) Depression: Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
[40] Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F. and Emery, G. (1979) Cognitive Therapy of Depression. Guilford Press, New York.
[41] Gotlib, I.H. and Joormann, J. (2010) Cognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 285-312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Everaert, J., Koster, E.H. and Derakshan, N. (2012) The Combined Cognitive Bias Hypothesis in Depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 413-424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Bennett-Levy, J., Butler, G., Fennell, M., Hackman, A., Mueller, M. and Westbrook, D. (2004) Oxford Guide to Behavioural Experiments in Cognitive Therapy. Oxford University Press, New York.
[44] Szpunar, K.K. and Schacter, D.L. (2013) Get Real: Effects of Repeated Simulation and Emotion on the Perceived Plausibility of Future Experiences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142, 323-327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[45] MacLeod, A.K., Tata, P., Tyrer, P., Schmidt, U., Davidson, K. and Thompson, S. (2005) Hopelessness and Positive and Negative Future Thinking in Parasuicide. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 495-504.
[46] Blackwell, S.E., Rius-Ottenheim, N., Schulte-van Maaren, Y.W.M., Carlier, I.V.E., Middlekoop, V.D., Zitman, F.G. and Giltay, E.J. (2013) Optimism and Mental Imagery: A Possible Cognitive Marker to Promote Wellbeing? Psychiatry Research, 206, 56-61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

为你推荐