基于USB2.0的MEMS数字麦克风阵列采集系统设计

MEMS Digital Microphone Array Acquisition System Based on USB2.0 Design

摘要: 本文设计并实现了一种使用USB2.0接口同步传输多通道音频数据的MEMS数字麦克风阵列，通过将MEMS数字麦克风的时钟、控制、数据线，连接到USB2.0转并口的高速传输芯片，结合上位机端的接收与解码程序，实现低成本、轻量化的麦克风阵列采集系统，解决了传统麦克风阵列方案价格昂贵、结构复杂、体积庞大、灵活性低的缺点。并保证了该阵列在采样率、动态范围、信噪比、总谐波失真、阵元一致性、和各阵元通道之间的采样同步性上均表现良好。且本系统最多可以支持14路麦克风数据的同步采集。模块化的设计让用户可以在1到14个阵元的范围，任意设计麦克风阵元数及阵列形状，提高了阵列结构灵活性。并且，同时支持PDM和I2S数字麦克风，使得用户麦克风型号的选择范围更大。

Abstract: This paper designs and implements a MEMS digital microphone array that uses a USB2.0 interface to synchronously transmit multi-channel audio data. By connecting the clock, control, and data lines of the MEMS digital microphone to the USB2.0 to parallel port high-speed transmission chip, and combining the receiving and decoding program of the host computer, a low-cost, lightweight microphone array acquisition system is realized, which solves the disadvantages of traditional micro-phone array solutions such as expensive, complex structure, bulky, and low flexibility. It also ensures that the array performs well in terms of sampling rate, dynamic range, signal-to-noise ratio, total harmonic distortion, array element consistency, and sampling synchronization between each array element channel. And this system can support up to 14 simultaneous microphone data collection. The modular design allows users to design the number of microphone array elements and the shape of the array arbitrarily in the range of 1 to 14 array elements, which improves the flexibility of the array structure. In addition, PDM and I2S digital microphones are supported at the same time, allowing users to choose a wider range of microphone models.