大学生能量饮料主成分、健康危害认知及消费动机的研究

The Survey on College Students’ Cognition of Major Ingredient, Health Hazard and Consumer Motivation about Energy Drink

摘要: 目的：调查大学生对能量饮料主成分及健康危害认知和消费动机情况，为引导大学生理性消费能量饮料提供参考。方法：采用分层整群取样，抽取2246名大学生完成能量饮料饮用频率、主成分认知、健康危害认知及消费动机问卷。结果：有51%大学生在一个月内饮用了能量饮料，46.8%的饮用频率低于9次，4.2%的饮用频率超过10次；男女生饮用频率差异显著(χ2 = 193.636, P < 0.001)，女生不饮用率(61.7%)比男生(34.5%)高。63.6%大学生不知道能量饮料最主要的成分是咖啡因；不同性别大学生认知情况差异显著(χ2 = 42.666, P < 0.001)，男生知情者(43.5%)比女生多(30.2%)。81.3%大学生认为饮用能量饮料会给身体带来副作用；男女生在能量饮料导致“肥胖、失眠、心律不齐、精神状态不稳定、焦虑”危害上的人数比例差异显著(χ2分别为150.517、11.283、4.946、15.198、11.888，均P < 0.05)，女生认为有危害的比例(78.8%, 51.1%, 36.7%, 41.5%, 29.6%)均高于男生(54.5%, 44.0%, 32.3%, 33.5%, 23.2%)。男女生在“补充能量、喜欢口感、流行、和同伴一起喝”的消费动机人数比例差异有统计学意义(χ2分别为4.323、33.041、6.289、11.073，均P < 0.05)，女生选择这五项消费动机的比例(59.3%, 51.4%, 12.8%, 16.5%)均低于男生(63.5%, 63.5%, 16.5%, 24.3%)。结论：应对大学生加强能量饮料主成分及对身体健康危害的宣传，结合能量饮料的消费特点及消费动机开展有针对性的教育，引导他们理性消费能量饮料。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate college students’ consumer motivation and cognition on the major ingredient and health hazard about energy drink (ED), and provide suggestions for leading college students to consume ED intellectually. Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling, 2246 college students were selected to complete questionnaires on drinking frequency, cognition of major ingredients and health hazard, and consumer motivation about ED in 2018. Results: In recent month, 51% of college students had drunk ED, 46.8% of students’ drinking frequency was under 9, 4.2% of students’ drinking frequency was beyond 10; there was significant difference between different gender students’ frequency on ED consumption (χ2 = 193.636, P < 0.001); the females’ non-drinking frequency (61.7%) was beyond the males’ (34.5%). 63.6% of college students didn’t know the major ingredient of ED was caffeine; there was significant difference between different gender students’ cognition on major ingredient (χ2 = 42.666, P < 0.001); the males who knew this (43.5%) were more than the females (30.2%). 81.3% of college students had thought ED had side effects; there was significant difference between different gender students’ side effects cognition of ED on obesity, insomnia, arrhythmia, psychiatric disorders and anxiety (χ2 was 150.517, 11.283, 4.946, 15.198, 11.888, both P < 0.05); the proportions of females who thought ED had side effects (78.8%, 51.1%, 36.7%, 41.5%, 29.6%) were all beyond those of males (54.5%, 44.0%, 32.3%, 33.5%, 23.2%). There was significant difference between different gender students’ consumer motivation (replenishing energy, good taste, fashion, drinking with companions) about ED (χ2 was 4.323, 33.041, 6.289, 11.073, both P < 0.05); the proportions of females’ motivation (59.3%, 51.4%, 12.8%, 16.5%) were all below those of males (63.5%, 63.5%, 16.5%, 24.3%). Conclusion: Colleges should enhance publicity of major ingredient and health hazard about ED, and lead college students to consume ED intellectually combining with their consumer characteristic and motivation.