基于STC单片机的小型直流电机变频调速控制器系统设计

Design of Small DC Motor Variable Frequency Speed Controller System Based on STC MCU

摘要: 伴随着半导体技术的不断发展和数字控制的普遍化，小型直流电机变频调速控制的应用范围已经从高性能的领域拓宽到通用驱动和专用驱动的场合。为实现拓展直流电机应用，本文提出并实现基于STC单片机的小型直流电机变频调速控制器系统设计。在完成Proteus仿真的基础上，本文完成变频调速控制系统的硬件制作及软件编程以完成系统控制性能的测试。系统硬件主要由主控制器、电机驱动、按键、液晶显示及电机测速等部分组成，其中主控制器为STC单片机、电机驱动为L298，液晶显示LCD1602、电机测速为霍尔传感器。实验数据分析结果显示：控制系统输出PWM值与电机转速测量值间R2为0.993 ≈ 1即两组数据的线性度很好，即通过调整PWM值可实现直流电机的线性调速；正态性检验分析结果显示实物测量所得数据符合正太分布的要求，没有明显的差异性，PWM值配对转速p值大于0.05，说明这两组数据没有显著的相关性，即PWM值对电机转速的控制性良好。本系统在实现电机简单操作、低成本控制方面具有一定的应用价值。

Abstract: With the continuous development of semiconductor technology and the popularization of digital control, the application range of small direct current (DC) motor variable frequency speed control has been broadened from the field of high performance to the occasion of general drive and special drive. In order to expand the application of DC motor, this paper proposes and realizes the design of small DC motor variable frequency speed controller system based on STC MCU. On the basis of Proteus simulation, this paper completes the hardware and software programming of the variable frequency speed control system to complete the system control performance test. The hardware of the system is mainly composed of main controller, motor driver, key, LCD display and motor speed measurement. The main controller is STC single chip microcomputer, motor driver is L298, LCD display is LCD1602 and motor speed measurement is Hall sensor. The experimental data analysis results show that the R2 between the PWM value of the control system and the measured value of the motor speed is 0.993 ≈ 1. The results show that the linearity of the two groups of data is very good, that is, the linear speed regulation of DC motor can be realized by adjusting the PWM value; the analysis results of normality test show that the measured data meet the requirements of Zhengtai distribution, and there is no obvious difference. The paired speed p value of PWM value is greater than 0.05, which indicates that the two groups of data have no significant correlation, that is, the PWM value has good control over the motor speed. This system has a certain application value in realizing simple operation and low cost control of motor.