气象条件对油菜物候期的影响分析

Analysis of the Effect of Meteorological Conditions on the Phenology of Rape

摘要: 为研究油菜前期气象条件对后期物候期的影响，本文运用相关、回归分析方法分析了2014~2019年南昌农试站油菜播种–现蕾–抽苔期的气象因子和开花盛期前的各物候期的关系。结果表明：播种至现蕾期、现蕾至抽苔期内温度因子与物候期呈负相关，气温高可使物候期缩短；油菜在播种至现蕾期受湿度因子影响较小，现蕾至抽苔期受湿度因子影响较大；光热因子对油菜现蕾抽苔物候期影响较大。播种至现蕾期阴雨天气多的年份开花物候期明显比阴雨天气少开花物候期长5~10 d。油菜苗期各气象因子对油菜现蕾物候期影响不明显，油菜能及时现蕾，对现蕾之后生殖生长期的各物候期有显著影响。

Abstract: In order to study the effect of early meteorological conditions on the later phenological phase of rape, the correlation and regression analysis methods were used to analyze the relationship be-tween the meteorological factors of rape sowing-budding-bolting stage and the phenological periods before flowering in Nanchang Agricultural Experiment Station from 2014 to 2019. The results showed that the temperature factor was negatively correlated with the phenological phase from sowing to budding stage and from budding to bolting stage, and the phenological phase was shortened by high temperature, while rape was less affected by humidity factor from sowing to budding stage and greatly affected by humidity factor from budding stage to bolting stage. Light and heat factors have great influence on the phenological phase of budding and bolting of rape. The flowering phenological period in the year with more overcast and rainy weather from sowing to budding stage was 5~10 days longer than that in cloudy and rainy weather. The rape could bud in time because of the meteorological factors in rape seeding stage which had no obvious effect on the budding phenological phase. But it had a significant effect on the phenological phase of repro-ductive growth period after budding.