晋南典型丘陵沟壑区退耕还林16年后土壤物理性质变化
Changes of Soil Physical Properties after Returning Farmland to Forest for 16 Years in Typical Hilly and Gully Regions of Southern Shanxi
摘要: 退耕还林可以在一定程度上改善土壤的物理性质。本文选取晋南典型丘陵沟壑区退耕还林16年后形成的三种不同植被类型：自然恢复山杨林(Populus davidiana)、油松刺槐(Pinus tabuliformis Carriere × Robinia pseudoacacia L.)人工混交林、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)人工纯林，并以玉米耕地作为对照，采用野外调查与实验室分析相结合的方法对不同土层深度土壤容重、土壤总孔隙度、土壤毛管孔隙度进行对比分析。结果显示：自然恢复林和两种人工林较耕地相比，土壤容重显著变化分别发生在0~80 cm土层和0~60 cm土层(P < 0.05)。与耕地相比，自然恢复林、混交林、纯林的土壤容重分别平均增加33.96%、17.27%、12.94%；变化程度最大的土层为20~40 cm。与耕地相比，3种退耕林地的土壤总孔隙度在0~80 cm土层显著增加(P < 0.05)，自然恢复林、混交林、纯林分别平均增加36.96%、14.02%、17.76%。变化程度最大的土层为20~40 cm。与耕地相比，自然恢复林和两种人工林土壤毛管孔隙度在0~80 cm土层和0~60 cm土层显著增加(P < 0.05)。自然恢复林、混交林、纯林分别平均增加41.70%、13.28%、12.76%。变化程度最大的土层在40~60 cm处。本研究表明退耕还林16年后的自然恢复山杨林和两种人工林都可以有效地改良土壤物理性质，但是自然恢复林的影响程度更大。
Abstract: Returning farmland to forest can improve the physical properties of the soil to a certain extent. The purpose of this paper is to study the physical properties of the soil after returning farmland to forest for 16 years in typical hilly and gully areas of southern Shanxi. In this paper, three different vegetation types were formed after returning farmland to forest for 16 years in typical hilly and gully areas of southern Shanxi. They were natural restoration of Populus davidiana forest, artificial mixed forest of Pinus tabuliformis and Robinia pseudoacacia, and pure plantation of Robinia pseudoacacia, using corn arable land as a control and field survey. The method combined with la-boratory analysis was used to compare and analyze soil bulk density, total soil porosity and soil capillary porosity at different soil depths. The results showed that: 1) Compared with cultivated land, the soil bulk density of the naturally restored forest and the two artificial forests changed significantly in 0~80 cm soil layer and 0~60 cm soil layer (P < 0.05). Compared with cultivated land, the soil bulk density of naturally restored forest, mixed forest and pure forest increased by 33.96%, 17.27% and 12.94%, respectively; the soil layer with the greatest degree of change was 20~40 cm. 2) The total soil porosity of the three kinds of converted farmland was significantly increased in the 0~80 cm soil layer compared with the cultivated land (P < 0.05), and the natural forest, mixed forest and pure forest increased by 36.96%, 14.02% and 17.76 %. The soil layer with the greatest degree of change is 20~40 cm. 3) Compared with the two cultivated lands, the natural restoration forest significantly increased the porosity of soil capillaries in 0~80 cm soil layer and 0~60 cm soil layer (P < 0.05). Naturally restored forest, mixed forest, and pure forest increased by 41.70%, 13.28%, and 12.76%, respectively. The soil layer with the greatest degree of change was at 40~60 cm. This study showed that the natural restoration of Populus davidiana forest after returning farmland to forest for 16 years had the greatest impact on soil physical properties and could effectively improve soil physical properties.
文章引用：周佳佳, 郝小玲, 吴洁, 张咪咪, 张粉果, 王永吉. 晋南典型丘陵沟壑区退耕还林16年后土壤物理性质变化[J]. 世界生态学, 2021, 10(1): 70-79. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2021.101007

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