基于碳量子点内滤作用测定水样中对硝基苯酚
Determination of P-Nitrophenol in Water Samples Based on Carbon Dots by Inner Filter Effect
DOI: 10.12677/OJNS.2021.92023, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 邵悦馨, 张云龙, 王 鑫, 王林慧, 王翠翠, 王菁星, 向国强*：河南工业大学化学化工学院，河南 郑州
关键词: 碳量子点；内滤作用；环境水样；对硝基苯酚；Carbon Dots； Inner Filter Effect； Environmental Water Samples； P-Nitrophenol
摘要: 以蚂蚱粉末为碳源，利用硝酸与乙二胺酸碱反应的反应热实现快速、简便制备碳量子点(CDs)。所制备的CDs的最佳激发波长为390 nm，发射峰为470 nm。由于对硝基苯酚(p-NP)在400 nm处具有特征吸收，与CDs的荧光激发峰具有良好的光谱重叠，使p-NP对CDs具有明显的内滤作用，且其它硝基苯化合物的吸收峰几乎不与CDs荧光发射峰重叠，因此不产生荧光内滤作用。基于该荧光内滤作用，建立了p-NP的高灵敏度，高选择性荧光分析新方法。该分析方法检出限(3σ)为0.13 μM，相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.09% (c = 10 μM, n = 11)，线性范围是0.5~80 μM。该方法已成功应用于环境水样中痕量p-NP的检测。
Abstract: Carbon Dots (CDs) were prepared using locust powder as carbon source through the exothermic reaction between nitric acid and ethylenediamine. The optimal excitation wavelength and emission peak of CDs prepared were 390 nm and 470 nm respectively. Due to the characteristic absorption of p-Nitrophenol (p-NP) at 400 nm, which has a good spectral overlap with the fluorescence excitation peak of CDs, then P-NP has an obvious Inner Filter Effect (IFE) on the fluorescence emission of CDs. Moreover, the absorption peak of other nitrobenzene compounds hardly overlaps with the fluorescence excitation and emission peak of CDs, so no IFE is generated. A new analytical method for p-NP was established based on IFE with high sensitivity and selectivity. The detection limit (3σ) of the method for p-NP was 0.13 μM, and Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) was 4.09% (c = 10 μM, n = 11), and the linear range was 0.5~80 μM. The method has been successfully applied to the determina-tion of trace p-NP in environmental water samples.
文章引用：邵悦馨, 张云龙, 王鑫, 王林慧, 王翠翠, 王菁星, 向国强. 基于碳量子点内滤作用测定水样中对硝基苯酚[J]. 自然科学, 2021, 9(2): 209-217. https://doi.org/10.12677/OJNS.2021.92023

参考文献

[1] Yue, W., Chen, M., Cheng, Z., et al. (2018) Bioaugmentation of Strain Methylobacterium sp. C1 towards p-Nitro-phenol Removal with Broad Spectrum Coaggregating Bacteria in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactors. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 344, 431-440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Shen, W.L., Qu, Y.Y., Pei, X.F., et al. (2017) Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol Using Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Cell-Free Extracts of Asper-gillus sp. WL-Au. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 321, 299-306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Mulchandani, P., Hangarter, C.M., Lei, Y., et al. (2006) Am-perometric Microbial Biosensor for p-Nitrophenol Using Moraxella sp.-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 21, 523-527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Zhou, Y., Qu, Z.B., Zeng, Y.B., et al. (2014) A Novel Composite of Graphene Quantum Dots and Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Fluorescent Detection of Paranitrophenol. Biosen-sors and Bioelectronics, 52, 317-323. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Rodrigues, C.S.D., Soares, O.S.G.P., Pinho, M.T., et al. (2017) p-Nitrophenol Degradation by Heterogeneous Fenton’s Oxidation over Activated Carbon-Based Catalysts. Applied Ca-talysis B: Environmental, 219, 109-122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Jiang, D.B., Liu, X.Y., Yuan, Y.S., et al. (2020) Biotemplated Top-Down Assembly of Hybrid Ni Nanoparticles/N Doping Carbon on Diatomite for Enhanced Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol. Chemical Engineering Journal, 383, Article ID: 123156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[7] Fischer, J., Barek, J. and Wang, J. (2006) Separation and Detection of Nitrophenols at Capillary Electrophoresis Microchips with Amperometric Detection. Electroanalysis, 18, 195-199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Liu, X.Y., Ji, Y.S., Zhang, Y.H., et al. (2007) Oxidized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as a Novel Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber for Determination of Phenols in Aqueous Samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1165, 10-17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Yao, C., Sun, H., Fu, H.F., et al. (2015) Sensitive Simultaneous Determination of Nitrophenol Isomers at Poly(p-ami- nobenzene sulfonic acid) Film Modified Graphite Electrode. Elec-trochimica Acta, 156, 163-170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] Tonle, I.K., Ngameni, E., Tchieno, F.M.M., et al. (2015) Or-ganoclay-Modified Electrodes: Preparation, Characterization and Recent Electroanalytical Applications. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 19, 1949-1973. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[11] Wei, C., Wei, X., Hu, Z., et al. (2019) A Fluorescent Probe for Cd2+ Detection Based on the Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement of Aqueous Zn-Ag-In-S Quantum Dots. An-alytical Methods, 11, 2559-2564. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] Yu, L., Qiao, Y.M., Miao, L.X., et al. (2018) Recent Progress in Fluo-rescent and Colorimetric Sensors for the Detection of Ions and Biomolecules. Chinese Chemical Letters, 29, 1545-1559. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Wei, X., Mei, S.L., Yang, D., et al. (2019) Surface States Induced Photoluminescence Enhancement of Nitrogen- Doped Carbon Dots via Post-Treatments. Nanoscale Research Letters, 14, 1-9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Han, L., Liu, S.G., Liang, J.Y., Ju, Y.J., Li, N.B. and Luo, H.Q.J. (2019) pH-Mediated Reversible Fluorescence Nanoswitch Based on Inner Filter Effect Induced Fluorescence Quenching for Selective and Visual Detection of 4-Ni- trophenol. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 362, 45-52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Paliwal, S., Wales, M., Good, T., Grimsley, J., Wild, J. and Simonian, A. (2007) Fluorescence-Based Sensing of p-Nitrophenol and p-Nitrophenyl Substituent Organophosphates. Analytica Chimica Acta, 596, 9-15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Yuan, H., Yu, J., Feng, S. and Gong, Y. (2016) Highly Photolumi-nescent pH-Independent Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Sensitive and Selective Sensing of p-Nitrophenol. RSC Ad-vances, 6, 15192-15200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Shu, T., Wang, J., Lin, X., Zhou, Z., Liang, F., Su, L. and Zhang, X. (2018) Dual-Emissive Gold Nanoclusters for Label-Free and Separation-Free Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing of 4-Nitrophenol Based on the Inner Filter Effect. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 6, 5033-5038. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] Geng, S., Lin, S.M., Liu, S.G., et al. (2016) A New Fluorescent Sensor for Detecting p-Nitrophenol Based on β-Cyc- lodextrin-Capped ZnO Quantum Dots. RSC Advances, 6, 86061-86067. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Jiang, L.Y., Liu, H.J., Li, M., et al. (2016) Surface Molecular Imprint-ing on CdTe Quantum Dots for Fluorescence Sensing of 4-Nitrophenol. Analytical Methods, 8, 2226-2232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Zhang, Z., Zhou, J., Liu, Y., et al. (2015) Cyclodextrin Capped CdTe Quantum Dots as Versatile Fluorescence Sensors for Nitrophenol Isomers. Nanoscale, 7, 19540-19546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[21] Zu, F.L., Yan, F.Y., Bai, Z.J., et al. (2017) The Quenching of the Flu-orescence of Carbon Dots: A Review on Mechanisms and Applications. Microchimica Acta, 184, 1899-1914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[22] Ye, S.-L., Huang, J.-J., Luo, L., et al. (2017) Preparation of Car-bon Dots and Their Application in Food Analysis as Signal Probe. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 45, 1571-1581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[23] Shi, W., Li, X. and Ma, H. (2012) A Tunable Ratiometric pH Sensor Based on Carbon Nanodots for the Quantitative Measurement of the Intracellular pH of Whole Cells. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 51, 6432-6435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Wu, P. and Yan, X.P. (2013) Doped Quantum Dots for Chemo/Biosensing and Bioimaging. Chemical Society Reviews, 42, 5489-5521. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Zhou, J., Zhou, H., Tang, J.B., et al. (2016) Carbon Dots Doped with Heteroatoms for Fluorescent Bioimaging: A Review. Microchimica Acta, 184, 343-368. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[26] Li, W., Zhang, H., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Zhuang, J. and Lei, B. (2016) Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Carbon Dot Grafted YVO4:Eu3+ for the Ratiometric Fluorescent Determination of Paranitrophenol. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 86, 706-713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Liu, M.L., Chen, B.B., Liu, Z.X., et al. (2016) Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol by Using Newly Developed Blue-Green Photoluminescent Carbon Nanodots. Talanta, 161, 875-880. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Lakowicz, J.R. (1999) Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Plenum Press, New York and London, 1-698. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[29] Deng, X. and Wu, D. (2014) Highly Sensitive Photolumines-cence Energy Transfer Detection for 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol Using Photoluminescent Carbon Nanodots. RSC Advances, 4, 42066-42070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[30] Gu, Q. and Kenny, J.E. (2009) Improvement of Inner Filter Effect Correction Based on Determination of Effective Geometric Parameters Using a Conventional Fluorimeter. Analytical Chemistry, 81, 420-426. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Liu, H., Xu, C., Bai, Y., et al. (2017) Interaction between Fluorescein Isothiocyanate and Carbon Dots: Inner Filter Effect and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 171, 311-316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Nettles, C.B., Juan, H. and Dongmao, Z. (2015) Using Water Ra-man Intensities to Determine the Effective Excitation and Emission Path Lengths of Fluorophotometers for Correcting Fluorescence Inner Filter Effect. Analytical Chemistry, 87, 4917-4924. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Fan, H., Xiang, G.Q., Wang, Y.L., et al. (2018) Manga-nese-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots-Based Fluorescent Probe for Selective and Sensitive Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol via an Inner Filtering Effect. Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 205, 221-226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]