蒙古族青少年肺活量和运动能力的研究

Research on Vital Capacity and Exercise Ability of Mongolian Youth

摘要: 目的：分析16~18岁蒙古族青少年肺活量和运动能力的关系，探究此阶段学生生理机能与运动能力的发展方向，为提升青少年的体质健康水平提供科学依据。方法：根据“2014年内蒙古自治区学生体质与健康状态调查研究”中公布的16~18岁蒙古族学生肺活量和握力、50米跑、立定跳远、引体向上男1000米、女800米、坐位体前屈的指标，将肺活量分为0~1999 ml、2000~3999 ml、>4000 ml三个组，利用单因素方差分析出16~18岁蒙古族青少年运动能力的情况，并比较其差异性。结果：肺活量 > 4000组的男生握力为46.66 kg，明显好于0~1999组(36.29 kg)和2000~4000组(41.21 kg)；>4000组的50米跑平均成绩为7.45 m/s，明显好于0~1999组(7.91 m/s)和2000~3999组(7.62 m/s)；>4000时组的立定跳远平均成绩为230.95 cm，明显好于0~1999组(194.75 cm)和2000~3999组(210.33 cm)；>4000组的引体向上平均成绩为4.78次，明显好于0~1999组(3.39次)和2000~3999 (3.91次)；>4000组的坐位体前屈平均成绩为13.32 cm，明显好于0~1999组(8.27 cm)和2000~3999组(9.80 cm)；男生全身耐力组间差异不具有统计学意义(p > 0.05)。肺活量 > 4000组的女生握力平均成绩为32.12 kg，明显好于0~1999组(25.49 kg)和2000~3999组(26.75 kg)；>4000组的50米跑平均成绩为10.21 m/s，明显好于0~1999组(10.60 m/s)和2000~3999组(10.33 m/s)；>4000组的立定跳远平均成绩为191.62 cm，明显好于0~1999组(146.78 cm)和2000~3999组(154.66 cm)；>4000组的仰卧起坐平均成绩为28.75次，明显好于0~1999组(19.30次)和2000~3999组(21.17次)；>4000组的坐位体前屈平均成绩为17.43 cm，明显好于0~1999组(11.99 cm)和2000~3999组(13.79 cm)；女生全身耐力组间差异不具有统计学意义(p > 0.05)。结论：1) 肺活量 > 4000组的男生握力、速度、爆发力、肌肉耐力均好于0~1999组和2000~3999组。2) 肺活量 > 4000组的女生握力、速度、爆发力、肌肉耐力均好于0~1999组和2000~3999组。结论：随着肺活量的增加，男女生力量、速度、爆发力、肌肉耐力和柔韧性均得到提升，全身耐力未受到影响。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the relationship between vital capacity and exercise capacity of Mongolian ad-olescents from 16 to 18 years old, to explore the development direction of students’ physical func-tion and exercise ability at this stage, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the physical fit-ness of adolescents. Methods: According to the “Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Students’ Phys-ical Fitness and Health Status Survey in 2014”, 16 - 18-year-old Mongolian students’ vital capacity and grip strength, 50-meter running, standing long jump, pull-ups, 1000 meters for men, 800 meters for women, sitting position for the index of forward bending, the vital capacity is divided into three groups of 0 - 999 ml, 2000 - 3999 ml, and >4000 ml. The single-factor variance analysis is used to analyze the exercise capacity of 16 - 18-year-old Mongolian teenagers and compare their differences. Results: The grip strength of boys in the vital capacity > 4000 group was 46.66 kg, which was significantly better than the 0~1999 group (36.29 kg) and the 2000~3999 group (41.21 kg); the average score of the 50-meter race in the >4000 group was 7.45 m/s, which was obvious better than the 0~1999 group (7.91 m/s) and the 2000~3999 group (7.62 m/s); the standing long jump average score of the group >4000 is 230.95 cm, which is significantly better than the 0~1999 group (194.75 cm) and 2000~3999 group (210.33 cm); >4000 group has an average pull-up average of 4.78 reps, which is significantly better than 0~1999 group (3.39 reps) and 2000~3999 (3.91 reps), >4000 group’s sitting forward bending average was 13.32 cm, which was significantly better than the 0~1999 group (8.27 cm) and the 2000~3999 group (9.80 cm); there was no statistically significant difference in the overall endurance of boys between the groups (p > 0.05). The average grip strength of girls in the vital capacity > 4000 group was 32.12 kg, which was significantly better than the 0~1999 group (25.49 kg) and the 2000~3999 group (26.75 kg); the average score of the 50-meter race in the >4000 group was 10.21 m/s, which is obvious better than 0~1999 group (10.60 m/s), and 2000~3999 group (10.33 m/s); the standing long jump average of >4000 group is 191.62 cm, which is significantly better than 0~1999 group (146.78 cm) and 2000~3999 group (154.66 cm); >4000 group has an average score of 28.75 sit-ups, which is significantly better than 0~1999 group (19.30 reps) and 2000~3999 group (21.17 reps); for >4000 group’ sits forward bending, the average score was 17.43 cm, which was significantly better than the 0~1999 group (11.99 cm) and the 2000~3999 group (13.79 cm); there was no statistically significant difference in the overall endurance of girls between the groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion: 1) The grip strength, speed, explosive power, and muscle endurance of boys in the vital capacity >4000 group are better than those in the 0~1999 group and 2000~3999 group. 2) The grip strength, speed, explosive power, and muscle endurance of the girls in the vital capacity >4000 group are better than those in the 0~1999 group and 2000~3999 group. Conclusion: With the in-crease of vital capacity, the strength, speed, explosive power, muscle endurance and flexibility of male and female students are improved, and the whole body endurance is not affected.