肥胖小学生身体质量指数与生理机能和运动能力的相关性研究

Study on Correlation between Body Mass Index and Physiological Function and Athletic Ability of Obese Pupils

摘要: 目的：分析肥胖小学生身体质量指数(BMI)与生理机能和运动能力的相关性，明确BMI对生理机能和运动能力的影响。方法：数据来源为2014年《内蒙古自治区学生体质健康调研报告》，肥胖率检出标准采用《中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)标准》进行计算和评价。结果：在生理机能指标中，正常男生与肥胖男生的舒张压、收缩压、肺活量、握力均存在显著差异(P < 0.05)，且为正常男生的舒张压、收缩压要健康于肥胖男生，正常男生肺活量小于肥胖男生，正常男生的握力小于肥胖男生。正常女生与肥胖女生的舒张压、收缩压、肺活量、握力均存在显著差异(P < 0.05)，且为正常女生的舒张压、收缩压要健康于肥胖女生，正常女生肺活量小于肥胖女生，正常女生的握力小于肥胖女生。在运动能力的指标比较中，正常男生与肥胖男生的50米跑、立定跳远、耐力跑能力均存在显著差异(P < 0.05)，正常男生的50米跑、立定跳远、耐力跑能力均强于肥胖男生。正常女生与肥胖女生的50米跑、立定跳远、耐力跑能力均存在显著差异(P < 0.05)，正常女生的50米跑、立定跳远、耐力跑能力均强于肥胖女生。结论：肥胖对小学生的生理机能和运动能力有影响，与正常小学生相比，肥胖小学生的生理机能和运动能力较差。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and physiological function and exercise ability in obese primary school students, and to determine the influence of BMI on physiological function and exercise ability. Methods: The data were from the 2014 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Students’ Physical Health Survey Report, and the obesity rate detection standard was calculated and evaluated by the China Obesity Working Group (WGOC) standard. Results: Among the physiological indicators, there were significant differences in diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, vital capacity and grip strength between normal and obese boys (P < 0.05), and the diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure of normal boys were healthier than those of obese boys; the vital capacity of normal boys was smaller than that of obese boys, and the grip strength of normal boys was smaller than that of obese boys. There were significant differences in diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, vital capacity and grip strength between the normal and obese girls (P < 0.05), and the diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure of the normal girls were healthier than those of the obese girls. The vital capacity of the normal girls was smaller than that of the obese girls, and the grip strength of the normal girls was smaller than that of the obese girls. In the index comparison of sports ability, there are significant differences between normal boys and obese boys in 50 m run, standing long jump and endurance run (P < 0.05), and normal boys are better than obese boys in 50 m run, standing long jump and endurance run. There were significant differences between normal girls and obese girls in 50 m run, standing long jump and endurance run (P < 0.05), and normal girls were stronger in 50 m run, standing long jump and endurance run than obese girls. Conclusion: Obesity has an effect on the physiological function and exercise ability of primary school students. Compared with normal primary school students, the physiological function and exercise ability of obese primary school students are poor.