奖赏与情绪性背景对项目和联结记忆的影响

Effects of Reward and Emotional Background on Item and Associative Memories

摘要: 目的：探讨奖赏和情绪性背景信息对于项目记忆的影响，以及二者对于联结记忆的影响。方法：选择20名被试对中性面孔进行评价，选择中性面孔作为项目进行记忆，选择中性、正性和负性三种不同的情绪背景图片，将这些背景图片分别与中性面孔进行匹配。正式实验中采用2 (奖赏类型：有奖赏与无奖赏) × 3 (情绪背景类型：中性、正性和负性)的二因素被试内实验设计，分为学习阶段和再认阶段两个阶段，收集了32名被试的实验数据进行统计分析。结果：1) 对于面孔图片(项目)再认，奖赏类型的主效应显著[F_{(1, 30)} = 10.99, P < 0.05, = 0.27]，有奖赏的面孔图片再认正确率显著高于无奖赏的面孔图片再认正确率；情绪背景的主效应也显著[F_{(2, 60)} = 4.69, P < 0.05, = 0.14]，正性背景对应的中性面孔再认率显著低于中性背景和负性背景对应的中性面孔；奖赏类型和情绪背景类型之间的交互作用不显著[F_{(2, 60)} = 0.52, P > 0.05, = 0.02]。2) 对于背景图片再认，奖赏类型其主效应不显著[F_{(1, 30)} = 1.59, P > 0.05, = 0.05]；不同情绪背景的条件其主效应显著[F_{(2, 60)} = 5.25, P < 0.05, = 0.15]，中性图片和正性图片之间的再认正确率差异不显著，负性图片的再认正确率均显著低于中性图片和正性图片(Ps < 0.05)；奖赏类型和情绪背景类型之间的交互作用不显著[F_(2,60) = 0.04, P > 0.05, = 0.001]。结论：1) 奖赏提高了项目记忆成绩，但对于联结记忆没有明显的影响；2) 正性情绪背景对于中性面孔项目记忆具有消极的影响，而负性情绪背景对联结记忆具有消极影响。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the impact of reward and emotional background on item and associative memory. Methods: Twenty participants were selected to evaluate the experimental materials, and neutral faces were selected as neutral items, and three different emotional background pictures were selected, such as neutral, positive and negative, and these background pictures were matched with neutral items. In the formal experiment, the internal experiment design of the subjects is used, which is divided into two stages: the learning stage and the recognition stage. The experimental data of 32 participants were collected for analysis of variance of the two-factor repeated measurement. Results: 1) For the recognition of face pictures (items), the main effect of reward was significant [F_{(1, 30)} = 10.99, P < 0.05, = 0.27], and the correct rate of recognition of face pictures with rewards was significantly higher than that of face pictures without rewards; The main effect of emotional background type was also significant [F_{(2, 60)} = 4.69, P < 0.05, = 0.14], The recognition rate of neutral faces matched by positive background is significantly lower than that of neutral faces matched by neutral background and negative background; The interaction between reward type and emotional background type was not significant [F_{(2, 60)} = 0.52, P > 0.05, = 0.02]. 2) For the recognition of the background picture, the main effect of a reward was not significant [F_{(1, 30)} = 1.59, P > 0.05, = 0.05]; the main effect of the emotional background type was significant [F_{(2, 60)} = 5.25, P < 0.05, = 0.15], and the recognition rate of negative pictures was significantly lower than that of neutral pictures and positive pictures; the interaction between reward conditions and emotional background conditions was not significant [F_{(2, 60)} = 0.04, P > 0.05, = 0.001]. Conclusion: 1) The reward has a positive effect on the item memory, but has no obvious effect on the associative memory. 2) The impact of positive emotional background on item memory is negative; The effect of negative emotional background on associative memory is negative.