全生物降解地膜对南疆玉米产量及土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Biodegradable Mulch Film on Maize Yield and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Southern Xinjiang, China

摘要: 为研究全生物降解地膜对南疆农业生产中玉米农艺性状及土壤理化性质的影响，采用PBAT (中文名称：聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯)型聚酯全生物降解地膜(以下简称：降解膜)为处理、普通农用聚乙烯PE地膜为对照(简写：CK)，研究全生物降解地膜对南疆玉米种植区土壤养分、水分、温度以及玉米产量等相关试验因子的影响。结果显示：1) 降解膜的破损率表现为在玉米生育期6~8月较小(1.4%~2.0%)，进入10月收获期显著增大(49%)。2) 降解膜处理的玉米出苗率、生育时期、生物量(包括秸秆、玉米棒和籽粒以及地上部整株)以及产量与CK之间均无显著差异。3) 玉米生育期内，降解膜膜下5 cm、15 cm和25 cm的平均土壤温度较CK分别低0.67℃、0.54℃和0.50℃，平均土壤含水率较CK分别高11.08%、6.18%和4.02%，但处理间均差异不显著。4) 玉米生育期内，土层0~20 cm和20~40 cm，降解膜和CK间土壤速效NPK、土壤总盐、土壤pH以及土壤容重差异均不显著。在南疆玉米生产中使用PBAT型全生物降解地膜替代普通聚乙烯PE地膜是可行的。

Abstract: For the study of fully biodegradable mulch film of maize agronomic traits and soil physical and chemical properties in southern Xinjiang agricultural production, China, PBAT (butylene adipate-coterephthalate) polyester fully biodegradable mulch film (short for: biodegradable mulch film) and ordinary polyethylene PE mulch film (CK) were chosen as treatments for analysis of degradable mulch film on experimental area soil nutrients, moisture, temperature and the effects of related factors such as maize production. The results showed that: 1) With the growth process of maize, the degradation rate of biodegradable mulch film was smaller in June-August (1.4%~2.0%) and significantly increased in October (49%). 2) There was no significant difference in the emergence rate, growth period, biomass (including straw, corn cobs and seed and whole plant above ground) and yield between the biodegradable mulch film and CK. 3) During the growing period of maize, the average soil temperature of the biodegradable mulch film under 5 cm, 15 cm and 25 cm was lower than CK 0.67˚C, 0.54˚C and 0.50˚C respectively, and the average soil moisture content was higher than CK 11.08%, 6.18% and 4.02% respectively. There was not a significant difference level between two treatments both soil temperature and moisture. 4) During the growing period of maize, there were no significant differences between biodegradable mulch film and CK treatments in soil available NPK, soil total salt, soil pH and soil bulk density between 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers. It is feasible to use PBAT biodegradable mulch film instead of common polyethylene PE in maize production in Southern Xinjiang, China.