5142例呼吸道感染患者九项呼吸道病原体IgM抗体检测结果分析

Analysis of Nine Pathogens IgM Antibody Tests in 5142 Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection

摘要: 目的：分析九项呼吸道病原体IgM抗体在呼吸道感染患者中的感染特点、感染率和流行趋势。方法：收集该院住院及到门诊就诊的呼吸道感染患者的血清标本5142例，使用间接免疫荧光法对其进行九项呼吸道病原体检测。结果：5142例血清标本中共检测出阳性例数为2252例(总阳性率为43.80%)，其中肺炎支原体的检出率最高为34.99%，乙型流感病毒第二(9.70%)，嗜肺军团菌没有被检测出(0.00%)；不同季节间的感染率也不同，其中冬季最高(50.48%)，夏季最低(37.42%)；不同性别之间感染率也不相同，女性患者的阳性检出率比男性患者高(χ2 = 44.85, P < 0.05)；不同年龄段之间的感染率也不同，3~6岁组的病原体阳性最高(59.57%)，与其余各组间的阳性率相比，具有统计学意义(χ2 = 27.52, 6.855, 136.176, 175.076, P < 0.05)。结论：引起患者呼吸道感染的病原体主要是以肺炎支原体和乙型流感病毒为主，且呼吸道病原体的感染多数存在季节、性别和年龄分布的特点。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the infection characteristics, infectious rates, and epidemic trend of nine respiratory pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infection (RTI). Methods: To collect the serum samples of 5142 patients with respiratory tract infection, and the detect the IgM antibody of 9 respiratory pathogens by indirect immunofluorescence. Results: A total of 2252 samples were detected positively among the 5142-serum sample (43.80%). The Mycoplasma pneumoniae has the highest rate, which was 34.99%, and followed by the influenza B virus (9.70%), the rate of Le-gionella pneumophila was (0.00%); the rate of positive infection was varies between the seasons, which was the highest in winner (50.48%) and the lowest in summer (37.42%); the rate of infection also varies between the sexes, and the positive detection rate of female patients was higher than the male patients (χ2 = 44.85, P < 0.05); furthermore, the infection rate was different by the age, the pathogen positive rates of 3 to 6 years old group was the highest (59.57%), which has statistically significant compared with other groups (χ2 = 27.52, 6.855, 136.176, 175.076, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The pathogens which causing respiratory tract infection were mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza B virus, and the majority of respiratory tract pathogens had the characteristics of season, gender and age distribution.