有色金属矿区周边水体螺蛳食用安全风险分析

Edible Safety Risk Analysis of Bellamya quadrata in Surrounding Water Body of Non-Ferrous Metal Mining Area

摘要: 为了说明有色金属矿区周边水体的食物安全问题，以地方特色食物——螺蛳为研究对象，通过采集当地有色金属矿区周边不同水体的螺蛳样品，并采集污染程度较轻或无污染水体中的螺蛳样品作对照，分别用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法，测定其不同部位的重金属Cu、Cr、Zn和As的含量，并参照我国食品污染物限量标准，说明其食用部位是否存在食用安全风险。结果表明：1) 在检测的螺蛳样品重金属元素中，Zn的含量最高，Cu的含量次之，其不同部位重金属含量的平均大小排序为Zn > Cu > As > Cr；2) 不同重金属在螺蛳体内的累积量有差异，其中，Zn、Cu、As均为内脏团 > 足肌 > 外壳，而Cr则为外壳 >内脏团 > 足肌；3) 厂矿、城镇、人口密集村落、大型公共活动场所、旅游区和开发区、高强度劳动作业区，其周围区域水体螺蛳样品的重金属含量相对比较高；4) 采集的部分螺蛳样品，其食用部分的重金属含量超标，其中，铬的最大超标倍数为11.44，无机砷的最大超标倍数为3.10，前者超标情况比后者更严重。因此，长期食用有色金属矿区周边水体重金属含量超标的螺蛳及其制品，存在一定的安全风险。

Abstract: In order to illustrate the food safety issues in the waters surrounding the non-ferrous metal mining area, the local special food, Bellamya quadrata was taken as the research object. By collecting B. quadrata samples from different water bodies around the local non-ferrous metal mining areas, and collecting the B. quadrata samples from the water with less pollution or non-polluted water as a control. The content of heavy metals Cu, Cr, Zn, and As in different parts of the B. quadrata was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry respectively, and with reference to the national food contaminants limit standards, it is indicated whether there are food safety risks in their edible parts. The results show that: 1) among the heavy metal elements in the B. quadrata samples, the content of Zn is the highest, followed by the content of Cu, and the order of the average content of heavy metals in different parts is Zn > Cu > As > Cr; 2) the accumulation amount of heavy metals in B. quadrata spiral is different, among them, Zn, Cu and As are visceral mass > foot muscle > shell, while Cr is shell > visceral muscle > foot muscle; 3) the heavy metal content of B. quadrata samples in the surrounding areas of factories and mines, towns, densely populated villages, large public activity places, tourism areas and development zones, and high intensity labor operation areas is relatively high; 4) the content of heavy metals in the edible parts of the collected B. quadrata samples exceeds the standard. The maximum limit multiple of chromium is 11.44, and the maximum limit multiple of inorganic arsenic is 3.10. The former is more serious than the latter. Therefore, long-term consumption of B. quadrata and their products with excessive weight metal content in the water surrounding non-ferrous metal mining areas poses a certain safety risk.