经济作物连作障碍的研究进展

Research Progress on Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Economic Crops

摘要: 当同种作物或其亲缘作物在同一块土地上连续种植时，导致作物出现生长状况变差、产质量下降等现象称为连作障碍。连作障碍不仅影响作物的产量和品质，也会对土壤生态环境造成危害，成为国内外学者的研究热点之一。本文综述了经济作物连作障碍的原因及其防治措施，为提升经济作物的效益和潜力，促进农业经济的可持续发展提供共参考。经济作物容易发生连作障碍，主要与经济作物生长对土壤组成、理化性质、生物学性质改变和化感自毒物质的累积有关。连作障碍会导致经济作物生长不良，抗性降低，从而使产量和质量下降，生产成本增加，经济效益降低。一般可以从改良土壤、更换作物类型、改变耕作模式、合理施肥、施用土壤微生物调节剂、培养抗性品种等方面来防治经济作物的连作障碍。防治连作障碍要密切结合生产实践，因地制宜，注重经济效益、生态效益和社会效益相结合。

Abstract: When the same crops or their relatives are continuously planted on the same soil, the phenomenon that the crops grow worse or the yield and quality of plants decrease is called continuous cropping obstacles. Continuous cropping obstacle not only affects the yield and quality of crops, but also destroys the soil ecological environment, which has become one of the research hotspots of scholars from both China and overseas. This article summarizes the reasons for continuous cropping obstacles of cash crops and their control methods which provides a common reference for improving the benefits and potential of economic crops and promoting the sustainable devel-opment of agricultural economy. Continuous cropping obstacles happen easily on economic crops, which are mainly related to the changes in soil composition, physical and chemical properties, bi-ological properties and the accumulation of allelochemicals. Continuous cropping obstacles can reduce the growth and resistance of economic crops, which result in lower yield and quality, in-creased production costs, and lower economic benefits. In general, continuous cropping obstacles can be prevented from improving soil, changing crop types or farming patterns, fertilizing rea-sonably, applying soil microbial regulators, and cultivating resistant varieties. The prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles must be closely integrated with production practices, adapted to local conditions, and focus on the combination of economic, ecological and social benefits.