武陵山地区哺乳动物的区系特征与多样性保护

Faunal Characteristics and Species Diversity Conservation of Mammals in the Wuling Mountainous Region, China

摘要: 动物区系研究是动物多样性保护的基础，而武陵山地区是具有国际意义的我国生物多样性集中分布的热点地区之一。为了总体把握该区域哺乳动物区系的基本面貌，我们基于最新的哺乳动物分类系统和物种保护名录，以及新近的研究成果，对该区域内哺乳动物的区系组成、县域分布和物种多样性状况进行了较为系统的整理与分析，结果表明：武陵山地区现已知哺乳动物8目27科80属135种(包括翼手目39种、啮齿目38种、食肉目22种、劳亚食虫目16种、偶蹄目11种、灵长目5种、兔形目3种、鳞甲目1种)。其中，有我国特有种25种；国家I和II级重点保护的分别为12种和15种。根据《中国脊椎动物红色名录》，有6种濒危、5种极危。列入CITES附录I、II、III的分别有12、8、8种。属于国家“三有”物种的有27种。在动物地理区划上，东洋界种类占主导地位(76.56%)。加强执法监督、科普宣教与生态文明建设是哺乳动物多样性保护的必然途径。

Abstract: Faunal investigation is the basis of animal diversity conservation, and the Wuling Mountainous Region is one of the hot areas of centrally-distributed biodiversity in China with international sig-nificance. In order to generally grasp the basic situation of the mammalian fauna in this region, we collated and analyzed systematically the mammalian faunal composition, county-territory distri-bution and the status of species diversity within this region based on the updated mammalian taxonomic system and lists of species conservation, as well as various recent relevant literatures, and the result showed that there were 135 mammalian species belonging to 80 genera 27 families 8 orders known in the region, including 39 Chiroptera, 38 Rodentia, 22 Carnivora, 16 Eulipotyphla, 11 Artiodactyla, 5 Primates, 3 Lagomorpha and 1 Pholidota. Among these, 25 species were endemic to China; 12 and 15 species were listed in the national level I and II key conservation, respectively. According to the Chinese red list of vertebrates, there were 6 endangered and 5 critically endangered species. There were 12, 8 and 8 species listed in CITES Appendix I, II and III, re-spectively. Also, there existed 27 species of national “three-owned” (beneficial, of important eco-nomic or scientific value) animals. Oriental species (76.56%) predominated over this peculiar zo-ogeographical division. To strengthen supervision of law enforcement, science populization, edu-cational guidance and the construction of ecological civilization could be essential approaches to the conservation of mammalian species diversity.